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Short-Term Employment Persistence for Welfare Recipients: The "Effects" of Wages, Industry, Occupation and Firm

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Using data from 13 years (1983-95) of the March Current Population Survey, this study examines how the types of jobs held by welfare mothers during the preceding year affects their employment and earnings at the time of the March interview. The estimates suggest that the Using data from 13 years (1983-95) of the March Current Population Survey, this study examines how the types of jobs held by welfare mothers during the preceding year affects their employment and earnings at the time of the March interview. The estimates suggest that the wages of last year's job affect current employment and earnings, but the effects of wages are more modest than might be expected. The industry and occupation of last year's job make a great deal of difference, with industry being more important than occupation. The industries with the most positive effects on current employment are hospitals and educational services; jobs held last year in the temporary help industry are negatively correlated with current employment. The size of the firm employing a welfare recipient last year has no effect on March's employment or earnings. These results suggest that welfare-to-work programs should consider efforts to target higher-wage jobs or jobs in industries such as hospitals or educational services. wages of last year's job affect current employment and earnings, but the effects of wages are more modest than might be expected. The industry and occupation of last year's job make a great deal of difference, with industry being more important than occupation. The industries with the most positive effects on current employment are hospitals and educational services; jobs held last year in the temporary help industry are negatively correlated with current employment. The size of the firm employing a welfare recipient last year has no effect on March's employment or earnings. These results suggest that welfare-to-work programs should consider efforts to target higher-wage jobs or jobs in industries such as hospitals or educational services.

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  • Timothy J. Bartik, 1997. "Short-Term Employment Persistence for Welfare Recipients: The "Effects" of Wages, Industry, Occupation and Firm," Upjohn Working Papers 97-46, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:upj:weupjo:97-46
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    1. Blank, Rebecca M & Ruggles, Patricia, 1994. "Short-Term Recidivism among Public-Assistance Recipients," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(2), pages 49-53, May.
    2. Kennedy, Peter, 1986. "Interpreting Dummy Variables," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 68(1), pages 174-175, February.
    3. Suits, Daniel B, 1984. "Dummy Variables: Mechanics v. Interpretation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 66(1), pages 177-180, February.
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    1. repec:cep:sticas:/122 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. David Card & Charles Michalopoulos & Philip K. Robins, 2001. "The Limits to Wage Growth: Measuring the Growth Rate of Wages For Recent Welfare Leavers," NBER Working Papers 8444, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Bosley, Stacie A., 2004. "Dead-End Jobs Or Stepping Stones? The Long-Run Consequences Of Early Industry And Occupation," Working Papers 14301, University of Minnesota, The Food Industry Center.
    4. Mueser, Peter R. & Stevens, David W. & Troske, Kenneth, 2007. "The Impact of Welfare Reform on Leaver Characteristics, Employment and Recidivism: An Analysis of Maryland and Missouri," IZA Discussion Papers 3131, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Peter R. Mueser & Christopher T. King, 2004. "Welfare and Work in the 1990s: Experiences in Six Cities," Working Papers 0409, Department of Economics, University of Missouri, revised 20 Oct 2004.
    6. repec:mpr:mprres:4252 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Carolyn J. Heinrich & Peter R. Mueser & Kenneth R. Troske, 2005. "Welfare to Temporary Work: Implications for Labor Market Outcomes," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 87(1), pages 154-173, February.
    8. Randall W. Eberts & Christopher J. O'Leary, 1996. "Design of the Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services System and Evaluation in Michigan," Upjohn Working Papers 96-41, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    9. Carrington, William J. & Mueser, Peter R. & Troske, Kenneth, 2002. "The Impact of Welfare Reform on Leaver Characteristics, Employment and Recidivism," IZA Discussion Papers 561, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Julia Lane & David Stevens, 2001. "Welfare‐to‐Work Outcomes: The Role of the Employer," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(4), pages 1010-1021, April.
    11. Judith A. Cook & Jane K. Burke-Miller & Dennis D. Grey, 2015. "Impact of Contingent Work on Subsequent Labor Force Participation and Wages of Workers with Psychiatric Disabilities," Mathematica Policy Research Reports dc9fe635fb3940d6a5740964f, Mathematica Policy Research.
    12. Kitty Stewart, 2007. "Employment trajectories for mothers in low-skilled work: Evidence from the British Lone Parent Cohort," CASE Papers case122, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    13. Peter Schochet & Anu Rangarajan, 2004. "Characteristics of Low-Wage Workers and Their Labor Market Experiences: Evidence from the Mid- to Late 1990s," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 579c8356364142fcafb95b72b, Mathematica Policy Research.
    14. Stewart, Kitty, 2007. "Employment trajectories for mothers in low-skilled work: evidence from the British lone parent cohort," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 6215, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Timothy J. Bartik, 1998. "The Labor Supply Effects of Welfare Reform," Upjohn Working Papers 98-53, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    16. Joseph M. Gasper & Kathryn A. Henderson & David S. Berman, 2017. "Do Sectoral Employment Programs Work? New Evidence from New York City's Sector-Focused Career Centers," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 40-72, January.
    17. Julia Lane & David Stevens, 2000. "Welfare-to-Work Policy: Employer Hiring and Retention of Former Welfare Recipients," JCPR Working Papers 19, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    18. Marla Nelson & Laura Wolf-Powers, 2010. "Chains and Ladders: Exploring the Opportunities for Workforce Development and Poverty Reduction in the Hospital Sector," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 24(1), pages 33-44, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    welfare; welfare-to-work; wages; Bartik;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J0 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General
    • J4 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets

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