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Domestic Outsourcing in the United States: A Research Agenda to Assess Trends and Effects on Job Quality

Author

Listed:
  • Annette Bernhardt

    (University of California-Berkeley)

  • Rosemary L. Batt

    (Cornell University)

  • Susan Houseman

    (W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research)

  • Eileen Appelbaum

    (Center for Economic and Policy Research)

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to develop a comprehensive research agenda to analyze trends in domestic outsourcing in the United States—firms’ use of contractors and independent contractors—and its effects on job quality and inequality. In the process, we review definitions of outsourcing, the available scant empirical research, and limitations of existing data sources. We also summarize theories that attempt to explain why firms contract out for certain functions and assess their predictions about likely impacts on job quality. We then lay out in detail a major research initiative on domestic outsourcing, discussing the questions it should answer and providing a menu of research methodologies and potential data sources. Such a research investment will be a critical resource for policymakers and other stakeholders as they seek solutions to problems arising from the changing nature of work.

Suggested Citation

  • Annette Bernhardt & Rosemary L. Batt & Susan Houseman & Eileen Appelbaum, 2016. "Domestic Outsourcing in the United States: A Research Agenda to Assess Trends and Effects on Job Quality," Upjohn Working Papers 16-253, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:upj:weupjo:16-253
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    3. Wouter Zwysen, 2024. "Working apart: Domestic outsourcing in Europe," European Journal of Industrial Relations, , vol. 30(2), pages 221-241, June.
    4. Antonin Bergeaud & Clément Malgouyres & Clément Mazet-Sonilhac & Sara Signorelli, 2021. "Technological Change and Domestic Outsourcing," PSE Working Papers halshs-03265792, HAL.
    5. Delgado, Mercedes & Mills, Karen G., 2020. "The supply chain economy: A new industry categorization for understanding innovation in services," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(8).
    6. Eileen Appelbaum, 2017. "Domestic Outsourcing, Rent Seeking, and Increasing Inequality," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 513-528, December.
    7. John Schmitt, 2017. "Comments on “Domestic Outsourcing, Rent Seeking, and Increasing Inequality†by Eileen Appelbaum," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 529-533, December.
    8. Virginia Doellgast & Matthew Bidwell & Alexander J. S. Colvin, 2021. "New Directions in Employment Relations Theory: Understanding Fragmentation, Identity, and Legitimacy," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 74(3), pages 555-579, May.
    9. Broten, Nicholas & Dworsky, Michael & Powell, David, 2022. "Do temporary workers experience additional employment and earnings risk after workplace injuries?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    10. Nicola Gagliardi & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2019. "Does firms’ position in global value chains matter for workers’ wages?. An overview with a gender perspective," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(4), pages 55-62.
    11. Nicola Gagliardi & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2021. "Upstreamness, Wages and Gender: Equal Benefits for All?," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 52-83, March.
    12. Sean O'Brady & Virginia Doellgast & David Blatter, 2024. "The high costs of outsourcing: Vendor errors, customer mistreatment, and well‐being in call centers," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 80-103, January.
    13. Christine A. Riordan & Alexander M. Kowalski, 2021. "From Bread and Roses to #MeToo: Multiplicity, Distance, and the Changing Dynamics of Conflict in IR Theory," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 74(3), pages 580-606, May.
    14. Hammerling, Jessie HF, 2022. "Financial Drivers of Domestic Outsourcing: Case Study of Food Services in the San Francisco Bay Area," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt9sz919zw, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Outsourcing; subcontracting; independent contractors; staffing services; earnings inequality; job quality; data limitations; managerial theory;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L24 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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