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Simulating fire-sales in a banking and shadow banking system

Author

Listed:
  • Calimani, Susanna
  • Hałaj, Grzegorz
  • Żochowski, Dawid

Abstract

We develop an agent based model of traditional banks and asset managers. Our aim is to investigate the channels of contagion of shocks to asset prices within and between the two financial sectors, including the effects of fire sales and their impact on financial institutions’ balance sheets. We take a structural approach to the price formation mechanism as in Bluhm, Faia and Kranen (2014) and introduce a clearing mechanism with an endogenous formation of asset prices. Both types of institutions hold liquid and illiquid assets and are funded via equity and deposits. Traditional banks are interconnected in the money market via mutual interbank claims, where the rate of return is endogenously determined through a tatonnement process. We show how in such a set-up an initial exogenous liquidity shock may lead to a fire-sale spiral. Banks, which are subject to capital and liquidity requirements, may be forced to sell an illiquid security, which impacts its, endogenously determined, market price. As the price of the security decreases, both agents update their equity and adjust their balance sheets by making decisions on whether to sell or buy the security. This endogenous process may trigger a cascade of sales leading to a fire-sale. We find that, first, mixed portfolios banks act as plague-spreader in a context of financial distress. Second, higher bank capital requirements may aggravate contagion since they may incentivise banks to hold similar assets, and choose mixed portfolios business model which is also characterized by lower levels of voluntary capital buffer. Third, asset managers absorb small liquidity shocks but they exacerbate contagion when liquid buffers are fully utilised. JEL Classification: C63, D85, G21, G23

Suggested Citation

  • Calimani, Susanna & Hałaj, Grzegorz & Żochowski, Dawid, 2017. "Simulating fire-sales in a banking and shadow banking system," ESRB Working Paper Series 46, European Systemic Risk Board.
  • Handle: RePEc:srk:srkwps:201746
    Note: 2152671
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    File URL: https://www.esrb.europa.eu//pub/pdf/wp/esrbwp46.en.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

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    2. Bush Georgia & Cañón Salazar Carlos Iván & Gray Daniel, 2021. "Emerging market capital flows the role of fund manager portfolio allocation," Working Papers 2021-13, Banco de México.
    3. Hałaj, Grzegorz, 2018. "Agent-based model of system-wide implications of funding risk," Working Paper Series 2121, European Central Bank.
    4. Calimani, Susanna & Hałaj, Grzegorz & Żochowski, Dawid, 2022. "Simulating fire sales in a system of banks and asset managers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Coen, Jamie & Lepore, Caterina & Schaanning, Eric, 2019. "Taking regulation seriously: fire sales under solvency and liquidity constraints," Bank of England working papers 793, Bank of England.
    6. Cabral, Inês & Detken, Carsten & Fell, John & Henry, Jérôme & Hiebert, Paul & Kapadia, Sujit & Pires, Fatima & Salleo, Carmelo & Constâncio, Vítor & Nicoletti Altimari, Sergio, 2019. "Macroprudential policy at the ECB: Institutional framework, strategy, analytical tools and policies," Occasional Paper Series 227, European Central Bank.
    7. Hałaj, Grzegorz, 2018. "System-wide implications of funding risk," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 1151-1181.
    8. Michel Baes & Eric Schaanning, 2023. "Reverse stress testing: Scenario design for macroprudential stress tests," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 209-256, April.
    9. Baranova, Yuliya & Douglas, Graeme & Silvestri, Laura, 2019. "Simulating stress in the UK corporate bond market: investor behaviour and asset fire-sales," Bank of England working papers 803, Bank of England.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    agent based model; asset managers; contagion; fire sales; systemic risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • D85 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Network Formation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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