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Imported Inputs and the Gains from Trade

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  • Ananth Ramanarayanan

    (University of Western Ontario)

Abstract

The bulk of international trade takes place in intermediate inputs as opposed to goods for final consumption. Studies of firm-level data show that there is substantial heterogeneity in the share of inputs that are imported by different firms, and that a firm's productivity increases with the quantity and variety of inputs that it imports. This paper develops a model to quantify the contributions of firm-level productivity gains to aggregate productivity and welfare gains from trade. In the model, heterogeneous firms choose the fraction of their inputs to import. Importing a higher fraction of inputs raises firm-level productivity, but requires higher up-front fixed costs. Therefore, firms with different inherent profitability will vary in how much they import and the productivity they gain from doing so. This heterogeneity provides aggregate productivity and welfare gains from trade that would not exist in a world in which firms used identical input bundles. These gains are consistent with data on specific trade liberalization episodes that show large firm-level productivity gains attributed to higher imports of intermediate inputs.

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  • Ananth Ramanarayanan, 2012. "Imported Inputs and the Gains from Trade," 2012 Meeting Papers 612, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  • Handle: RePEc:red:sed012:612
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    3. Ramanarayanan, Ananth, 2017. "Imported inputs, irreversibility, and international trade dynamics," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 1-18.
    4. Piotr Gabrielczak & Tomasz Serwach, 2014. "Produktywnosc a ekspansja miedzynarodowa przedsiebiorstw. Przypadek wojewodztwa lodzkiego / Firms’ productivity and their international expansion. The case of Lodz voivodeship," International Economics, University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, issue 5, pages 7-28, March.
    5. Michele Imbruno, 2021. "A micro‐founded approach to exploring gains from trade integration: Evidence from 27 EU countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(3), pages 706-732, March.
    6. Jiajie Yu & Shuang Meng, 2023. "How Does Trade Openness Affect Output Growth? A Perspective from the Input Diversity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, June.
    7. Piotr Gabrielczak & Tomasz Serwach, 2016. "Firm-level productivity and international expansion of firms from the Lodz Voivodeship," Lodz Economics Working Papers 7/2016, University of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology.
    8. Murray Leclair, Emmanuel, 2024. "Balancing Production and Carbon Emissions with Fuel Substitution," MPRA Paper 121139, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Matilde Bombardini & C. Keith Head & Maria D. Tito & Ruoying Wang, 2021. "How the breadth and depth of import relationships affect the performance of Canadian manufacturers," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(4), pages 1525-1561, November.
    10. Kikkawa, Ayumu Ken & Sasahara, Akira, 2020. "Gains from trade and the sovereign bond market," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    11. Francesco Nucci & Filomena Pietrovito & Alberto Franco Pozzolo, 2021. "Imports and credit rationing: A firm‐level investigation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3141-3167, November.
    12. Joaquin BLAUM & Claire LELARGE & Michael PEETERS, 2018. "Do firms benefit equally from trade in inputs?," Rue de la Banque, Banque de France, issue 70, October.
    13. Lu, Zhou & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Padhan, Hemachandra & Yan, Cheng, 2022. "Welfare gains from international trade and renewable energy demand: Evidence from the OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    14. Li, Yifan & Miao, Zhuang, 2018. "Trade costs, import penetration, and markups," MPRA Paper 85668, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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