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Details matter: loan pricing and transmission of monetary policy in the euro area

Author

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  • Anyfantaki, Sofia
  • Benkovskis, Konstantins
  • Kunzmann, Vanessa
  • Lalinsky, Tibor
  • Petroulakis, Filippos
  • Zutis, Klavs
  • Vilerts, Kārlis
  • Bredl, Sebastian
  • Giovannini, Massimo
  • Horky, Florian Matthias
  • Lampousis, Athanasios
  • Lukmanova, Elizaveta

Abstract

Does the maturity of the relevant risk-free rate influence the strength of monetary policy pass-through to interest rates on new loans? To address this question, we present novel empirical evidence on lending practices across all euro area countries, using AnaCredit data covering nearly seven million new loans issued to non-financial corporations in 2022–2023. We document substantial variation in (a) the prevalence of fixed- vs floating-rate loans, (b) rate fixation periods, and (c) reference rates. This variation results in lending rates being exposed to different segments of the risk-free rate yield curve which, in turn, influence their sensitivity to monetary policy changes. We show that loans linked to shorter-maturity risk-free rates experience more pronounced monetary pass-through. Importantly, this effect is not purely mechanical, as part of the effect is offset by adjustments in the premium, revealing previously less-explored heterogeneity in the pass-through to lending rates. JEL Classification: E52, E43, G21, E58

Suggested Citation

  • Anyfantaki, Sofia & Benkovskis, Konstantins & Kunzmann, Vanessa & Lalinsky, Tibor & Petroulakis, Filippos & Zutis, Klavs & Vilerts, Kārlis & Bredl, Sebastian & Giovannini, Massimo & Horky, Florian Mat, 2025. "Details matter: loan pricing and transmission of monetary policy in the euro area," Working Paper Series 3078, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253078
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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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