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Labor Market Transitions in Peru

Author

Listed:
  • Javier Herrera

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • Gerardo David Rosas Shady

    (Inter American Development Bank, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, DIAL)

Abstract

(english) Traditional labor market analysis based solely on the net unemployment rate fails to explain the apparent paradox between a relatively moderate unemployment rate in Peru (around 10%, with a weak sensibility to wide macroeconomic fluctuations), and the fact that unemployment is one of the major issues in Peru. One possible explanation is that this static indicator of cross section net unemployment balance is compatible with high flows in and out of employment states. To address these issues we needed to conduct a dynamic analysis using panel data. Using the Peruvian national household survey (ENAHO), we constructed a panel of working age individuals at the national level for the period 1997-1999. Like previous work in developing countries, we found that there is an important degree of job mobility in Peru. We also found that most of the transitions occur between employment and inactivity instead of between employment and unemployment. We also showed that the rate of permanent unemployment is very low so that unemployment would be essentially a frictional phenomenon. Further, considering the different transition states, we elaborated an unconditional transition profile, including individual and household characteristics, like gender, age and education levels for example, associated with each transition status. Finally, after examining these labor market transitions and the possible sample selection bias, we estimated a multinomial logit model. This model allowed us to appreciate the (conditional) incidence of individual and household characteristics as well as the effects of different shocks on the labor transition states. _________________________________ (français) Les analyses traditionnelles du marché du travail s’avèrent incapables d’expliquer le paradoxe apparent entre un taux de chômage relativement modéré dans un pays tel que le Pérou (environ 10%, taux peu sensible aux fortes fluctuations macro-économiques) et la perception d’une grave crise de l’emploi. Une explication possible pourrait résider dans le fait que cet indicateur statique en coupe instantanée ne mesure pas les flux élevés entre les situations d’emploi et d’inemploi. Pour analyser ces questions, il est nécessaire de conduire une analyse dynamique sur données de panel. Nous avons ainsi construit un panel national d’individus en âge de travailler pour la période 1997-1999 à partir de l’enquête péruvienne auprès des ménages (ENAHO). Comme d’autres études réalisées dans des pays en développement, nous constatons qu’il existe une importante mobilité de l’emploi au Pérou. Nous trouvons également que la plupart des transitions interviennent entre emploi et inactivité plutôt qu’entre emploi et chômage. Le taux de chômage permanent apparaît très faible et le chômage serait donc essentiellement un phénomène frictionnel. Pour aller plus loin, nous avons élaborés des profils de transition inconditionnels, incluant les caractéristiques individuelles et du ménage, telles que le genre, l’âge, et le niveau d’éducation, associé avec chaque état de transition. Finalement, après avoir examiné ces transitions sur le marché du travail et les biais de sélection possibles, nous avons estimé un modèle logit multinomial. Ce modèle nous a permis d’apprécier l’incidence (conditionnelle) des caractéristiques individuelles et des ménages ainsi que des différents chocs sur les états de transition en matière d’emploi.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Herrera & Gerardo David Rosas Shady, 2003. "Labor Market Transitions in Peru," Working Papers DT/2003/14, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200314
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gong, Xiaodong & Van Soest, Arthur & Villagomez, Elizabeth, 2004. "Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(1), pages 1-36, October.
    2. Dancourt, Oscar, 1999. "Reforma neoliberal y política macroeconómica en el Perú," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    3. Gong, Xiaodong & Van Soest, Arthur & Villagomez, Elizabeth, 2004. "Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(1), pages 1-36, October.
    4. Weller, Jürgen, 1998. "Los retos de la institucionalidad laboral en el marco de la transformación de la modalidad de desarrollo en América Latina," Series Históricas 7447, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    5. Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví & Máximo Torero, 2000. "Labor Market Reforms and Their Impact on Formal Labor Demand and Job Market Turnover: The Case of Peru," Research Department Publications 3095, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    6. Cecilia Garavito, 1999. "Empleo y desempleo: Un análisis de la elaboración de estadísticas," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, issue 44, pages 103-144.
    7. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, 2000. "Work Transitions into and Out of Involuntary Temporary Employment in a Segmented Market: Evidence from Spain," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 53(2), pages 309-325, January.
    8. Saavedra Chanduvi, Jaime & Maruyama Sasaki, Eduardo, 2000. "Estabilidad laboral e indemnizaciómn: efectos de los costos de despido sobre el funcionamiento del mercado laboral peruano," Working Papers 37813, Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE).
    9. Saavedra Chanduví, Jaime, 1999. "La dinámica del mercado de trabajo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales," Series Históricas 7475, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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    Cited by:

    1. Yamada Gustavo & Ricardo Montero, 2008. "Desempleo, pobreza y estrategias de protección social: Perú 1998-2005," Working Papers 08-03, Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.
    2. Sera Linardi & Colin Camerer, 2021. "Worker-firm relational contracts in the time of shutdowns: experimental evidence," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 24(4), pages 1267-1293, December.
    3. Shaimaa Yassin, 2014. "Job Accession, Separation and Mobility in the Egyptian Labor Market Over the Past Decade," Working Papers 881, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
    4. Cecilia Garavito, 2017. "¿Es la educación un mecanismo de salida hacia mejores ocupaciones para las trabajadoras del hogar?," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2017-439, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    5. Melanie Khamis, 2005. "Crisis and Recovery in Argentina: Labor market, poverty, inequality and pro-poor growth dynamics," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 135, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Luis BECCARIA & Roxana MAURIZIO, 2020. "Labour market turnover in Latin America: How intensive is it and to what extent does it differ across countries?," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 159(2), pages 161-193, June.
    7. José Rodriguez & Gabriel Rodriguez, 2012. "Explaining the Transition Probabilities in the Peruvian Labor Market," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2012-334, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

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