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Estabilidad laboral e indemnizaciómn: efectos de los costos de despido sobre el funcionamiento del mercado laboral peruano

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  • Saavedra Chanduvi, Jaime
  • Maruyama Sasaki, Eduardo

Abstract

A inicios de la década de los noventa los costos de despido impuestos por la legislación laboral peruana eran aún bastante elevados. La estabilidad laboral absoluta y los altos pagos de indemnización por despido funcionaban en la práctica como impuestos a la contratación que convertían al empleo formal en un factor de producción cuasi-fijo. En 1991 se inició un proceso de cambios en la legislación laboral que ha llevado a que el Perú sea uno de los países que más ha flexibilizado su mercado de trabajo durante la década pasada. Las reformas permitieron una reducción importante en los costos de despido, principalmente debido a la abolición de la estabilidad laboral y la paulatina reducción del pago de indemnización por despido. En esta investigación se analiza la evolución y el impacto de los componentes del costo de despido (determinados por la interacción de la legislación sobre estabilidad laboral, la indemnización por despido y el periodo de prueba) sobre el mercado laboral peruano. A través de estimaciones de demanda de trabajo en empresas formales se muestra que los cambios legislativos han reducido el impacto negativo de los costos de despido sobre el nivel de empleo, que la velocidad de ajuste del empleo a su nivel óptimo ha aumentado ligeramente, y que la elasticidad producto se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Por otro lado, el análisis realizado muestra que una parte importante del crecimiento del empleo durante la década del noventa se dio bajo la modalidad de contratos temporales y de la informalización de las relaciones laborales, como forma de eludir los costos de despido. Finalmente, el ánalisis muestra también una reducción marcada de la duración media del empleo y un incremento de la rotación de los trabajadores de un empleo a otro, en particular a partir de 1993. El estudio sugiere que parte de la reducción en la duración y el incremento en la rotación del empleo puede atribuirse a la mayor utilización de contratos temporales y a la reducción en los costos de despido.

Suggested Citation

  • Saavedra Chanduvi, Jaime & Maruyama Sasaki, Eduardo, 2000. "Estabilidad laboral e indemnizaciómn: efectos de los costos de despido sobre el funcionamiento del mercado laboral peruano," Working Papers 37813, Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:gradwp:37813
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.37813
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    1. Saavedra Chanduvi, Jaime, 1998. "¿Crisis real o crisis de expectativas?: el empleo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales," Working Papers 37981, Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE).
    2. Bentolila, Samuel & Saint-Paul, Gilles, 1992. "The macroeconomic impact of flexible labor contracts, with an application to Spain," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1013-1047, June.
    3. Eduardo Lora & Carmen Pagés-Serra, 1997. "La legislación laboral en el proceso de reformas estructurales de América Latina y el Caribe," Research Department Publications 4065, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    4. Katharine G. Abraham & Susan N. Houseman, 1994. "Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium," NBER Chapters, in: Social Protection versus Economic Flexibility: Is There a Trade-Off?, pages 59-94, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Burgess, Simon M & Dolado, Juan J, 1989. "Intertemporal Rules with Variable Speed of Adjustment: An Application to U.K. Manufacturing Employment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 99(396), pages 347-365, June.
    6. Eduardo Lora & Gustavo Márquez, 1998. "El problema del empleo en América Latina: percepciones y un extracto de los hechos," Research Department Publications 4115, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    7. Carmen Pagés-Serra & Gustavo Márquez, 1998. "Ties That Bind: Employment Protection and Labor Market Outcomes in Latin America," Research Department Publications 4118, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Chong & José Galdo & Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví, 2007. "Informalidad y Productividad en el Mercado Laboral: Perú 1986-2001 (Informality and Productivity in the Labor Market: Peru 1986 - 2001)," Research Department Publications 4527, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    2. Javier Herrera & Gerardo David Rosas Shady, 2003. "Labor Market Transitions in Peru," Working Papers DT/2003/14, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    3. Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví & Hugo Díaz, 2000. "La carrera de maestros: Factores institucionales, incentivos económicos y desempeño," Research Department Publications 3109, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    4. Alberto Chong & Jose Galdo & Jaime Saavedra, 2008. "Informality and productivity in the labor market in Peru," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 229-245.
    5. Céspedes Reynaga, Nikita, 2003. "Factores cíclicos y estructurales en la evolución de la tasa de desempleo," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 9, pages 199-221.
    6. Céspedes, Nikita, 2006. "Efectos del salario mínimo en el mercado laboral peruano," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 13.
    7. Galdo, José & Saavedra-Chanduví, Jaime & Chong, Alberto E., 2007. "Informality and Productivity in the Labor Market: Peru 1986 - 2001," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1958, Inter-American Development Bank.
    8. Jiménez, Bruno & Rendon, Silvio, 2023. "Does employment protection unprotect workers? The labor market effects of job reinstatements in Peru," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví & Máximo Torero, 2000. "Labor Market Reforms and Their Impact on Formal Labor Demand and Job Market Turnover: The Case of Peru," Research Department Publications 3095, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    10. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4515 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Jaramillo, Miguel., 2013. "Employment growth and segmentation in Peru, 2001-2011 : country case study on labour market segmentation," ILO Working Papers 994838473402676, International Labour Organization.
    12. repec:ilo:ilowps:483847 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Verónica Alaimo & Mariano Bosch & David S. Kaplan & Carmen Pagés & Laura Ripani, 2015. "Jobs for Growth," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 90977, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Labor and Human Capital;

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J4 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets
    • J65 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings

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