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Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria

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  • Christian Manuel Posso Suárez

Abstract

En el periodo 1984-2005 se registró un incremento substancial en la desigualdad salarial enespecial a partir de 1995, momento en el cual también se dio un crecimiento significativode la población asalariada con educación post-secundaria. A su vez esta desigualdad fuemás importante dentro del grupo de los más educados. Este documento expone nuevasalternativas para el análisis de la desigualdad salarial en Colombia. Primero, se utiliza unmétodo de descomposición para la desigualdad basado en una estimación condicional de ladistribución de ingresos utilizando la regresión por percentiles; este método descomponelos cambios en la distribución en tres factores: características, coeficientes y residuales.Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmente delos cambios en la distribución de las características de los asalariados para el periodo 1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde se muestra queel crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de los residuales. La técnicaaquí presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del método original de descomposiciónde Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (JMP, 1993). Segundo, utilizando la regresión por percentiles seintenta mostrar que los premios a la educación post-secundaria tienen un rol principal en laexplicación del crecimiento de la desigualdad dentro del grupo de los más educados,particularmente por una caída en el premio en la parte baja de la distribución (50/10) para elperiodo 1995-2005, el cual puede estar asociado a un problema de calidad de la educación.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Manuel Posso Suárez, 2008. "Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria," Borradores de Economia 5003, Banco de la Republica.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:005003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Aireth DAZA BAEZ & Luis Fernando GAMBOA, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Archivos de Economía 11196, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Determinantes de las diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia, un ejercicio de microdescomposición," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 3, pages 67-119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Carlos Medina & Christian Manuel Posso Suárez, 2010. "Technical Change and Polarization of the Labor Market: Evidence for Brazil, Colombia and Mexico," Borradores de Economia 7269, Banco de la Republica.
    4. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 2, pages 35.63, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Arlen Guarín & Sebastián Londoño & Carlos Medina & Julieth Parra & Christian Posso & Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 2016. "Estimating the Effect of Attending a Public versus a Private University in Colombia on Academic Achievement **** Una Estimación del Efecto sobre el Rendimiento Académico de Asistir a una Universidad P," Borradores de Economia 968, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    6. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "Informal-formal wage gaps in Colombia," Working Papers 301, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desigualdad de ingresos; Regresión por percentiles; Descomposición deingresos; Retornos a la educación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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