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Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composici�n del mercado laboral y retornos a la educaci�n post-secundaria

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  • Christian Manuel Posso Su�rez

Abstract

En el periodo 1984-2005 se registr� un incremento substancial en la desigualdad salarial enespecial a partir de 1995, momento en el cual tambi�n se dio un crecimiento significativode la poblaci�n asalariada con educaci�n post-secundaria. A su vez esta desigualdad fuem�s importante dentro del grupo de los m�s educados. Este documento expone nuevasalternativas para el an�lisis de la desigualdad salarial en Colombia. Primero, se utiliza unm�todo de descomposici�n para la desigualdad basado en una estimaci�n condicional de ladistribuci�n de ingresos utilizando la regresi�n por percentiles; este m�todo descomponelos cambios en la distribuci�n en tres factores: caracter�sticas, coeficientes y residuales.Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmente delos cambios en la distribuci�n de las caracter�sticas de los asalariados para el periodo 1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde se muestra queel crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de los residuales. La t�cnicaaqu� presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del m�todo original de descomposici�nde Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (JMP, 1993). Segundo, utilizando la regresi�n por percentiles seintenta mostrar que los premios a la educaci�n post-secundaria tienen un rol principal en laexplicaci�n del crecimiento de la desigualdad dentro del grupo de los m�s educados,particularmente por una ca�da en el premio en la parte baja de la distribuci�n (50/10) para elperiodo 1995-2005, el cual puede estar asociado a un problema de calidad de la educaci�n.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Manuel Posso Su�rez, 2008. "Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composici�n del mercado laboral y retornos a la educaci�n post-secundaria," Borradores de Economia 5003, Banco de la Republica.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:005003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Aireth DAZA BAEZ & Luis Fernando GAMBOA, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Archivos de Economía 11196, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Determinantes de las diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia, un ejercicio de microdescomposición," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 3, pages 67-119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Carlos Medina & Christian Manuel Posso Su�rez, 2010. "Technical Change and Polarization of the Labor Market: Evidence for Brazil, Colombia and Mexico," Borradores de Economia 7269, Banco de la Republica.
    4. Leonardo Bonilla Mejía, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE.
    5. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "Informal-formal wage gaps in Colombia," Working Papers 301, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    6. Arlen Guarín & Sebastián Londoño & Carlos Medina & Julieth Parra & Christian Posso & Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 2016. "Estimating the Effect of Attending a Public versus a Private University in Colombia on Academic Achievement **** Una Estimación del Efecto sobre el Rendimiento Académico de Asistir a una Universidad P," Borradores de Economia 968, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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