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Return and Volatility Spillovers Between Non-fungible Tokens and Conventional Currencies: Evidence from the TVP–VAR Model

In: Blockchain, Crypto Assets, and Financial Innovation

Author

Listed:
  • Imran Yousaf

    (Prince Sultan University
    Wenzhou-Kean University
    Lebanese American University
    The University of Jordan)

  • Manel Youssef

    (Ecovis KDH Partners)

  • Mariya Gubareva

    (Universidade de Lisboa
    Universidade de Lisboa)

Abstract

This study investigates the static and dynamic return and volatility spillovers between non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and conventional currencies using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressions approach. We reveal that the total connectedness between these markets is weak, implying that investors may increase the diversification benefits of their multicurrency portfolios by adding NFTs. We also find that NFTs are net transmitters of both return and volatility spillovers; however, in the case of return spillovers, the influence of NFTs on conventional currencies is more pronounced than that of volatility shock transmissions. The dynamic exercise reveals that the returns and volatility spillovers vary over time, largely increasing during the onset of the Covid-19 crisis, which deeply affected the relationship between NFTs and the conventional currencies markets. Our findings are useful for currency traders and NFT investors seeking to build effective cross-currency and cross-asset hedge strategies during systemic crises.

Suggested Citation

  • Imran Yousaf & Manel Youssef & Mariya Gubareva, 2025. "Return and Volatility Spillovers Between Non-fungible Tokens and Conventional Currencies: Evidence from the TVP–VAR Model," Springer Books, in: Gang Kou & Yongqiang Li & Zongyi Zhang & J. Leon Zhao & Zhi Zhuo (ed.), Blockchain, Crypto Assets, and Financial Innovation, pages 326-351, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-96-6839-7_12
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-96-6839-7_12
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    Cited by:

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    2. Su, Xianfang & Zhao, Yachao, 2025. "Can fourth industrial revolution assets provide diversification benefits for traditional sectoral stocks? Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Wafa Masmoudi Kammoun, 2026. "Return and volatility spillover drivers among conventional cryptocurrencies," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-39, March.
    4. Hussain, Sabbor & Chen, Jo-Hui, 2025. "The return and volatility spillovers among decentralized finance (DeFi) assets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Dongyang He & Yuewen Liu & Juan Feng, 2025. "More than price prediction: a multimodal end-to-end interpretable deep learning (MEID) framework for NFT investment," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-39, December.
    6. Umar, Muhammad & Qin, Meng & Su, Chi-Wei, 2025. "Exploring the hedging performance of non-fungible token: Novel evidence from world uncertainty," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(PA).
    7. Nadia Basty & Mouna Abidly, 2025. "Return and volatility interconnectedness between metaverse tokens, commodities, clean and green energy," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 5121-5148, December.
    8. Parrondo, Luz & Sala, Carlo, 2025. "Connectedness between traditional finance, cryptocurrencies and DeFi in the post COVID period," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    9. Su, Xianfang & Zhao, Yachao, 2025. "Asymmetric time-frequency risk spillovers between the Fourth Industrial Revolution assets and commodity futures: Is economic policy uncertainty a driving factor?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

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