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Domestic patent rights, access to technologies and the structure of exports

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  • Keith E. Maskus
  • Lei Yang

Abstract

Recent years have seen major reforms in patent laws around the world. We study the effects of variations over time and across countries in the strength of domestic patent rights (PRs) on exports in high‐R&D goods. Adopting a generalized factor‐proportions framework, we interact industry research intensity with national PRs. Countries with stronger PRs have significantly greater exports in research‐intensive sectors. These effects are positive in emerging and developing economies but smaller than in developed economies. The sensitivity of high‐R&D exports to PRs rises with inward flows of patent applications, FDI employment and intra‐firm trade with multinational firms. Résumé Droits de brevet domestiques, accès aux technologies, et structure des exportations. Au cours des années récentes, on a vu des réformes majeures du droit des brevets autour du monde. On étudie les effets de variations (dans le temps et entre pays) dans la robustesse des droits de brevet domestiques (DBs) sur les exportations des biens à forte intensité de R&D. À l’aide d’un cadre de référence généralisé axé sur les proportions de facteurs, on étudie les interactions entre l’intensité en recherche des industries et les DBs nationaux. Les pays dotés de DBs plus robustes ont des exportations plus grandes de manière significative dans les secteurs à forte intensité de recherche. Ces effets sont positifs dans les pays en émergence et en voie de développement, mais plus faibles dans les pays développés. La sensibilité des exportations de biens à forte intensité de R&D aux régimes de DBs s’accroît à proportion que s’accroissent les flux d’applications de brevets en provenance de l’extérieur, l’emploi attaché aux flux d’investissements direct de l’étranger, et le volume du commerce intra‐firme avec les firmes plurinationales.

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  • Keith E. Maskus & Lei Yang, 2018. "Domestic patent rights, access to technologies and the structure of exports," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(2), pages 483-509, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:483-509
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12328
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    3. Olena Ivus & Walter G. Park, 2022. "All rights reserved: Copyright protection and multinational knowledge transfers," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1064-1091, July.
    4. Willoughby, Kelvin W. & Mullina, Nadezhda, 2021. "Reverse innovation, international patenting and economic inertia: Constraints to appropriating the benefits of technological innovation," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Santiago Chelala, 2021. "Trade agreements and international technology transfer," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(3), pages 631-665, August.
    6. Ndubuisi, Gideon, 2019. "Domestic intellectual property rights protection and exports: Accessing the credit channel," MERIT Working Papers 2019-017, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    7. Doanh, Nguyen Khanh & Gam, Nguyen Thi & Heo, Yoon, 2022. "The impact of intellectual property rights protection on trade: The role of a “third country” in market power and market expansion effects," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(1).
    8. Robert Gmeiner, 2021. "International free riding on institutions," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 123-140, February.
    9. Gmeiner, Robert & Gmeiner, Michael, 2021. "Encouraging domestic innovation by protecting foreign intellectual property," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Gaoju Yang & Yilu Zhang & Xiao Yu, 2020. "Intellectual property rights and the upgrading of the global value chain status," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 185-204, May.
    11. Maskus,Keith E. & Ridley,William Clifton, 2021. "Trade Impacts of Intellectual-Property-Related PTAs : Evidence from Using the World Bank Deep Trade Agreements Database," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9659, The World Bank.
    12. Ivus, Olena & Park, Walter, 2019. "Patent reforms and exporter behaviour: Firm-level evidence from developing countries," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 129-147.
    13. Evangelia Chalioti & Kyriakos Drivas & Sarantis Kalyvitis & Margarita Katsimi, 2020. "Innovation, patents and trade: A firm‐level analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 949-981, August.
    14. Zhang, Dongyang, 2022. "Environmental regulation, green innovation, and export product quality: What is the role of greenwashing?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    15. Maskus, Keith E. & Milani, Sahar & Neumann, Rebecca, 2019. "The impact of patent protection and financial development on industrial R&D," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 355-370.

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    JEL classification:

    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

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