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Domestic patent rights, access to technologies and the structure of exports

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  • Keith E. Maskus
  • Lei Yang

Abstract

Recent years have seen major reforms in patent laws around the world. We study the effects of variations over time and across countries in the strength of domestic patent rights (PRs) on exports in high-R&D goods. Adopting a generalized factor-proportions framework, we interact industry research intensity with national PRs. Countries with stronger PRs have significantly greater exports in research-intensive sectors. These effects are positive in emerging and developing economies but smaller than in developed economies. The sensitivity of high-R&D exports to PRs rises with inward flows of patent applications, FDI employment and intra-firm trade with multinational firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Keith E. Maskus & Lei Yang, 2018. "Domestic patent rights, access to technologies and the structure of exports," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 51(2), pages 483-509, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:cje:issued:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:483-509
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12328
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    Cited by:

    1. Gaoju Yang & Yilu Zhang & Xiao Yu, 2020. "Intellectual property rights and the upgrading of the global value chain status," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 185-204, May.
    2. Maskus,Keith E. & Ridley,William Clifton, 2021. "Trade Impacts of Intellectual-Property-Related PTAs : Evidence from Using the World Bank Deep Trade Agreements Database," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9659, The World Bank.
    3. Claudia Canals & Michael A. Klein & Fuat Şener, 2023. "Intellectual property‐related preferential trade agreements and US offshoring to developing countries," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 1442-1475, September.
    4. Ridwan Ah Sheikh & Sunil Kanwar, 2024. "Revisiting the Impact of TRIPS on IPR-intensive Export Flows: Evidence from Staggered Difference-in-Differences," Working papers 351, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics.
    5. Olena Ivus & Walter G. Park, 2022. "All rights reserved: Copyright protection and multinational knowledge transfers," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1064-1091, July.
    6. Willoughby, Kelvin W. & Mullina, Nadezhda, 2021. "Reverse innovation, international patenting and economic inertia: Constraints to appropriating the benefits of technological innovation," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    7. Evangelia Chalioti & Kyriakos Drivas & Sarantis Kalyvitis & Margarita Katsimi, 2020. "Innovation, patents and trade: A firm‐level analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 949-981, August.
    8. Zhang, Dongyang, 2022. "Environmental regulation, green innovation, and export product quality: What is the role of greenwashing?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    9. Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Santiago Chelala, 2021. "Correction to: Trade agreements and international technology transfer," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(3), pages 667-667, August.
    10. Gideon Ndubuisi, 2024. "Patent Enforcement and Quality Upgrading of Exported Products," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 13979-14011, September.
    11. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2025. "Aid for trade flows and the strength of patent right protection," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1-30, May.
    12. Ndubuisi, Gideon, 2019. "Domestic intellectual property rights protection and exports: Accessing the credit channel," MERIT Working Papers 2019-017, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    13. Ivus, Olena & Park, Walter, 2019. "Patent reforms and exporter behaviour: Firm-level evidence from developing countries," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 129-147.
    14. Doanh, Nguyen Khanh & Gam, Nguyen Thi & Heo, Yoon, 2022. "The impact of intellectual property rights protection on trade: The role of a “third country” in market power and market expansion effects," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(1).
    15. Dussaux, Damien & Dechezleprêtre, Antoine & Glachant, Matthieu, 2022. "The impact of intellectual property rights protection on low-carbon trade and foreign direct investments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    16. Maskus, Keith E. & Milani, Sahar & Neumann, Rebecca, 2019. "The impact of patent protection and financial development on industrial R&D," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 355-370.
    17. Jacob Howard & Keith E. Maskus & William Ridley, 2025. "The Impacts of Intellectual‐Property Related Preferential Trade Agreements on Bilateral Patent Applications," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 466-485, May.
    18. Robert Gmeiner, 2021. "International free riding on institutions," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 123-140, February.
    19. Hu, Xiaotian & Yin, Xiaopeng, 2025. "Understanding the product structure of exporters: The role of intellectual property protection in export origins," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    20. Gmeiner, Robert & Gmeiner, Michael, 2021. "Encouraging domestic innovation by protecting foreign intellectual property," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

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