IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/envpol/v23y2021i2d10.1007_s10018-020-00291-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors affecting vehicle exhaust emissions, driver motivations as a mediator

Author

Listed:
  • Yasser A. Al-Rawi

    (University of Anbar)

  • Mohammed Harith Imlus

    (University Malaysia Perlis)

  • Yusri Yusup

    (University Sains Malaysia)

  • Sofri Bin Yahya

    (University Sains Malaysia)

Abstract

Reducing the negative effects of vehicle emissions is one of the main priorities for governments worldwide. Comprehensive understanding of the costs and impacts associated with emissions would help government decision makers establish policies that allow their citizens to make decisions to reduce vehicle use externalities and maximize the overall benefits to government and society. Countries worldwide have pre-set goals regarding maximum average emissions. However, these goals are nearly impossible to realize without market interventions. Therefore, many governments have introduced taxes to guide people towards reducing vehicle emissions. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of driver motivations in the effect of the following tax-related emission factors on vehicle exhaust emissions: (progressive engine size tax, progressive vehicle emissions tax, progressive vehicle age tax, and progressive vehicle kilometres travelled tax). The study used a quantitative approach of two questionnaires-one paper-based and one internet-based-to collect primary data. Smart PLS 3.2.7 was then used to analyse the data. The study found that the progressive taxes on engine size, vehicle age, and vehicle emissions, if imposed, will increase driver motivations to buy vehicles with smaller engines, replace or maintain old polluting vehicles, or fix vehicle emission problems. This study contributes to the literature by achieving its theoretical and practical objectives of providing a clear message to governmental practitioners and any related bodies that progressive taxes can increase driver motivations to reduce vehicle emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasser A. Al-Rawi & Mohammed Harith Imlus & Yusri Yusup & Sofri Bin Yahya, 2021. "Factors affecting vehicle exhaust emissions, driver motivations as a mediator," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 23(2), pages 361-407, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:envpol:v:23:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10018-020-00291-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s10018-020-00291-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10018-020-00291-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10018-020-00291-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. (IFS), Institute for Fiscal Studies & Mirrlees, James (ed.), 2011. "Tax By Design: The Mirrlees Review," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199553747, Decembrie.
    2. Ian W.H. Parry & John Norregaard & Dirk Heine, 2012. "Environmental Tax Reform: Principles from Theory and Practice," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 4(1), pages 101-125, August.
    3. Henk Folmer & Tom Tietenberg (ed.), 2005. "The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2005/2006," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 3716, December.
    4. Greer Gosnell, 2017. "Be who you ought or be who you are? Environmental framing and cognitive dissonance in going paperless," GRI Working Papers 269, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    5. Parry, Ian W.H., 2012. "Reforming the tax system to promote environmental objectives: An application to Mauritius," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 103-112.
    6. Musti, Sashank & Kockelman, Kara M., 2011. "Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 707-720, October.
    7. Don Fullerton & Li Gan & Miwa Hattori, 2015. "A model to evaluate vehicle emission incentive policies in Japan," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 17(1), pages 79-108, January.
    8. Ryan, Lisa & Ferreira, Susana & Convery, Frank, 2009. "The impact of fiscal and other measures on new passenger car sales and CO2 emissions intensity: Evidence from Europe," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 365-374, May.
    9. Imad A. Moosa & Vikash Ramiah, 2014. "The Costs and Benefits of Environmental Regulation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 15518, December.
    10. Hennessy, Hugh & Tol, Richard S.J., 2011. "The impact of tax reform on new car purchases in Ireland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(11), pages 7059-7067.
    11. Vicky Katsoni & Kathy Velander (ed.), 2018. "Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure," Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, Springer, number 978-3-319-67603-6, December.
    12. Lowell Harriss, 1985. "Taxation, Incentives and Disincentives, and Human Motivation," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 129-136, April.
    13. Sarah E. West, 2005. "Equity Implications of Vehicle Emissions Taxes," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 39(1), pages 1-24, January.
    14. Ali Keyvanfar & Arezou Shafaghat & Nasiru Zakari Muhammad & M. Salim Ferwati, 2018. "Driving Behaviour and Sustainable Mobility—Policies and Approaches Revisited," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-27, April.
    15. Steven Shavell, 2011. "Corrective Taxation versus Liability as a Solution to the Problem of Harmful Externalities," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(S4), pages 249-266.
    16. Vidar Christiansen & Stephen Smith, 2012. "Externality‐Correcting Taxes and Regulation," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 114(2), pages 358-383, June.
    17. Sarstedt, Marko & Ringle, Christian M. & Smith, Donna & Reams, Russell & Hair, Joseph F., 2014. "Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 105-115.
    18. Jichao Geng & Ruyin Long & Hong Chen & Ting Yue & Wenbo Li & Qianwen Li, 2017. "Exploring Multiple Motivations on Urban Residents’ Travel Mode Choices: An Empirical Study from Jiangsu Province in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-16, January.
    19. Beder, Sharon, 1996. "Charging the earth: The promotion of price-based measures for pollution control," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 51-63, January.
    20. Walls, Margaret & Hanson, Jean, 1999. "Distributional Aspects of an Environmental Tax Shift: The Case of Motor Vehicle Emissions Taxes," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 52(1), pages 53-65, March.
    21. Estian Calitz & Sally Wallace & Le Roux Burrows, 2013. "The impact of tax incentives to stimulate investment in South Africa," Working Papers 19/2013, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    22. Giblin, S. & McNabola, A., 2009. "Modelling the impacts of a carbon emission-differentiated vehicle tax system on CO2 emissions intensity from new vehicle purchases in Ireland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1404-1411, April.
    23. Ian W. H. Parry & Margaret Walls & Winston Harrington, 2007. "Automobile Externalities and Policies," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(2), pages 373-399, June.
    24. Roland Bénabou & Jean Tirole, 2003. "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 70(3), pages 489-520.
    25. Huo, Hong & Zhang, Qiang & He, Kebin & Yao, Zhiliang & Wang, Michael, 2012. "Vehicle-use intensity in China: Current status and future trend," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 6-16.
    26. Michael Hoel, 2010. "Is there a Green Paradox?," CESifo Working Paper Series 3168, CESifo.
    27. Jordan Carroll-Larson & Arthur Caplan, 2009. "Estimating the effectiveness of a vehicle miles travelled tax in reducing particulate matter emissions," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(3), pages 315-344.
    28. Keiko Hirota & Jacques Poot, 2003. "Do policy incentives affect the environmental impact of private car use? Evidence from a sample of large cities," ERSA conference papers ersa03p493, European Regional Science Association.
    29. Okmyung Bin & Carlos Martins-Filho, 2008. "Vehicle price and hydrocarbon emissions: evidence from the used-vehicle markets," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(12), pages 939-943.
    30. J. Daniel Khazzoom, 1991. "The impact of a gasoline tax on auto exhaust emissions," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(3), pages 434-454.
    31. Clotfelter, Charles T, 1983. "Tax Evasion and Tax Rates: An Analysis of Individual Returns," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 65(3), pages 363-373, August.
    32. Don Fullerton & Daniel H. Karney, 2010. "Combinations of Instruments to Achieve Low-Carbon Vehicle-Miles," OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers 2010/7, OECD Publishing.
    33. Bovenberg, A. Lans & Goulder, Lawrence H., 2002. "Environmental taxation and regulation," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 23, pages 1471-1545, Elsevier.
    34. José Roberto Díaz-Reza & Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz & Valeria Martínez-Loya & Liliana Avelar-Sosa & Emilio Jiménez-Macías & Julio Blanco-Fernández, 2018. "Impact of Infrastructure and Production Processes on Rioja Wine Supply Chain Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, January.
    35. Tan Shen Kian & Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff, 2015. "Intrinsic-Extrinsic Motivation Revisited: Exploring their Definitions," International Journal of Management Sciences, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 6(3), pages 136-140.
    36. Tenenhaus, Michel & Vinzi, Vincenzo Esposito & Chatelin, Yves-Marie & Lauro, Carlo, 2005. "PLS path modeling," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 159-205, January.
    37. West, Sarah E., 2004. "Distributional effects of alternative vehicle pollution control policies," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(3-4), pages 735-757, March.
    38. Walls, Margaret & Hanson, Jean, 1999. "Distributional Aspects of an Environmental Tax Shift: The Case of Motor Vehicle Emissions Taxes," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 52(n. 1), pages 53-65, March.
    39. Junji Xiao & Heng Ju, 2014. "Market Equilibrium and the Environmental Effects of Tax Adjustments in China's Automobile Industry," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(2), pages 306-317, May.
    40. Santos, Georgina & Behrendt, Hannah & Maconi, Laura & Shirvani, Tara & Teytelboym, Alexander, 2010. "Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 2-45.
    41. J. A. Mirrlees, 1971. "An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 38(2), pages 175-208.
    42. Steven Shavell, 2011. "Corrective Taxation versus Liability," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(3), pages 273-276, May.
    43. Harrington, Winston, 1997. "Fuel Economy and Motor Vehicle Emissions," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 240-252, July.
    44. Paula Casal, 2012. "Progressive Environmental Taxation: A Defence," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 60(2), pages 419-433, June.
    45. Ian W.H. Parry & Mr. John Norregaard & Mr. Dirk Heine, 2012. "Environmental Tax Reform: Principles from Theory and Practice to Date," IMF Working Papers 2012/180, International Monetary Fund.
    46. Thomas Klier & Joshua Linn, 2015. "Using Taxes to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rates of New Passenger Vehicles: Evidence from France, Germany, and Sweden," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 7(1), pages 212-242, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yasser Ammar AL-Rawi & Mohammed Harith Imlus & Yusri Yusup & Sofri Bin Yahya, 2018. "The Optimal Progressive Tax Policy to Reduced Vehicles Externalities," Journal of Asian Scientific Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 8(8), pages 265-276, August.
    2. Tscharaktschiew, Stefan, 2014. "Shedding light on the appropriateness of the (high) gasoline tax level in Germany," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 189-210.
    3. Brand, Christian & Anable, Jillian & Tran, Martino, 2013. "Accelerating the transformation to a low carbon passenger transport system: The role of car purchase taxes, feebates, road taxes and scrappage incentives in the UK," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 132-148.
    4. Parry, Ian & Walls, Margaret & Sigman, Hilary & Williams III, Roberton, 2005. "The Incidence of Pollution Control Policies," RFF Working Paper Series dp-05-24, Resources for the Future.
    5. Tovar Reanos, Miguel, 2020. "Car ownership and the distributional and environmental policies to reduce driving behavior," Papers WP673, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    6. Tesemma, Tewodros, 2023. "Encouraging adoption of fuel-efficient vehicles – A policy reform evaluation from Ethiopia," Working Papers in Economics 838, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
    7. Santos, Georgina, 2017. "Road fuel taxes in Europe: Do they internalize road transport externalities?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 120-134.
    8. Yan, Shiyu & Eskeland, Gunnar S., 2018. "Greening the vehicle fleet: Norway's CO2-Differentiated registration tax," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 247-262.
    9. Orkhan Nadirov & Jana Vychytilová & Bruce Dehning, 2020. "Carbon Taxes and the Composition of New Passenger Car Sales in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-15, September.
    10. Tovar Reaños, Miguel A., 2020. "Initial incidence of carbon taxes and environmental liability. A vehicle ownership approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Petr David, 2020. "Rates of CO2 registration taxes levied on passenger cars in the EU - can they cause distortion?," European Financial and Accounting Journal, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2020(1), pages 07-32.
    12. West, Sarah E., 2004. "Distributional effects of alternative vehicle pollution control policies," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(3-4), pages 735-757, March.
    13. Mónica Meireles & Margarita Robaina & Daniel Magueta, 2021. "The Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes in Reducing CO 2 Emissions in Passenger Vehicles: The Case of Mediterranean Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    14. Prateek Bansal & Rubal Dua, 2022. "Fuel consumption elasticities, rebound effect and feebate effectiveness in the Indian and Chinese new car markets," Papers 2201.08995, arXiv.org.
    15. Starr McMullen, B. & Zhang, Lei & Nakahara, Kyle, 2010. "Distributional impacts of changing from a gasoline tax to a vehicle-mile tax for light vehicles: A case study of Oregon," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 359-366, November.
    16. Don Fullerton, 2008. "Distributional Effects of Environmental and Energy Policy: An Introduction," NBER Working Papers 14241, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Montag, Josef, 2015. "The simple economics of motor vehicle pollution: A case for fuel tax," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 138-149.
    18. Antón-Sarabia, Arturo & Hernández-Trillo, Fausto, 2014. "Optimal gasoline tax in developing, oil-producing countries: The case of Mexico," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 564-571.
    19. Parry, Ian W.H. & Timilsina, Govinda R., 2010. "How should passenger travel in Mexico City be priced?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 167-182, September.
    20. Parry, Ian W. H., 2004. "Are emissions permits regressive?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 364-387, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:envpol:v:23:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10018-020-00291-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.