IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v26y2024i1d10.1007_s10668-022-02755-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial flows and environmental quality in ECOWAS member states: accounting for residual cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed Musah

    (Ghana Communication Technology University)

  • Frank Boateng

    (University of Mines & Technology)

  • Emmanuel Attah Kumah

    (Ghana Communication Technology University)

  • Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo

    (Cyprus International University)

Abstract

Due to rising economic growth, financial flows have been of particular interest to nations. However, their environmental concerns have been overlooked particularly in developing countries. To aid in filling this gap, an exploration on the link between financial flows and environmental quality in ECOWAS member countries for the period 1990–2017 was undertaken. In achieving the study’s goal, second generation econometric methods that account for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity among others were engaged. From the results, the studied panel was heterogeneous and cross-sectionally correlated. Also, the investigated variables were stationary and cointegrated in the long-run. The dynamic common correlated effects mean group (DCCEMG), augmented mean group (AMG) and the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators were employed to examine the elastic effects of the predictors on the explained variable, and from the results, remittances worsened environmental quality in the region. Also, foreign direct investment was detrimental to ecological quality validating the pollution haven hypothesis. Further, economic growth and urbanization were not friendly to environmental quality in the bloc. However, environmental innovations improved the ecosystem of the region. On the causal connections amidst the series, there was feedback causalities between remittances and environmental pollution, between economic growth and ecological deterioration, and between urbanization and environmental degradation. Also, there was a one-way causality from foreign direct investment to ecological pollution, but there was no causality between environmental innovations and ecological pollution. Based on the findings, the study recommended that remittances received by the nations should be invested into research and development, green innovations, energy efficiency and green energy sources to help improve environmental quality in the region. Also, the region’s environmental policies should be modified to control the influx of polluting FDIs into the countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Musah & Frank Boateng & Emmanuel Attah Kumah & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2024. "Financial flows and environmental quality in ECOWAS member states: accounting for residual cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 1195-1228, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02755-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02755-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-022-02755-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-022-02755-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anindya Banerjee & Josep Lluís Carrion-i-Silvestre, 2017. "Testing for Panel Cointegration Using Common Correlated Effects Estimators," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 610-636, July.
    2. Lingui Qin & Syed Raheem & Muntasir Murshed & Xu Miao & Zeeshan Khan & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1138-1154, November.
    3. Qamri, Ghulam Muhammad & Sheng, Bin & Adeel-Farooq, Rana Muhammad & Alam, Gazi Mahabubul, 2022. "The criticality of FDI in Environmental Degradation through financial development and economic growth: Implications for promoting the green sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Jushan Bai & Josep Lluís Carrion-I-Silvestre, 2009. "Structural Changes, Common Stochastic Trends, and Unit Roots in Panel Data," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 76(2), pages 471-501.
    5. Imtiaz Arif & Syed Ali Raza & Anita Friemann & Muhammad Tahir Suleman, 2019. "The Role of Remittances in the Development of Higher Education: Evidence from Top Remittance Receiving Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(3), pages 1233-1243, February.
    6. Myeong Hwan Kim & Nodir Adilov, 2012. "The lesser of two evils: an empirical investigation of foreign direct investment-pollution tradeoff," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(20), pages 2597-2606, July.
    7. Adams, Richard Jr. & Page, John, 2005. "Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1645-1669, October.
    8. Djellouli, Nassima & Abdelli, Latifa & Elheddad, Mohamed & Ahmed, Rizwan & Mahmood, Haider, 2022. "The effects of non-renewable energy, renewable energy, economic growth, and foreign direct investment on the sustainability of African countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 676-686.
    9. Joakim Westerlund & David L. Edgerton, 2008. "A Simple Test for Cointegration in Dependent Panels with Structural Breaks," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(5), pages 665-704, October.
    10. Koketso Phale & Fanglin Li & Isaac Adjei Mensah & Akoto Yaw Omari-Sasu & Mohammed Musah, 2021. "Knowledge-Based Economy Capacity Building for Developing Countries: A Panel Analysis in Southern African Development Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, March.
    11. Hayat Khan & Liu Weili & Itbar Khan, 2022. "Environmental innovation, trade openness and quality institutions: an integrated investigation about environmental sustainability," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3832-3862, March.
    12. Fangmiao Hou & Haiying Su & Yuelu Li & Weicong Qian & Jianxiu Xiao & Shuhui Guo, 2021. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on China’s Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.
    13. James Temitope Dada & Adams Adeiza & Noor Azizi Ismail & Arnaut Marina, 2022. "Investigating the link between economic growth, financial development, urbanization, natural resources, human capital, trade openness and ecological footprint: evidence from Nigeria," Journal of Bioeconomics, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 153-179, July.
    14. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    15. Yusuf Fatai Akorede & Rafia Afroz, 2020. "The Relationship between Urbanization, CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 491-501.
    16. Raju Jan Singh & Markus Haacker & Kyung-woo Lee & Maëlan Le Goff, 2011. "Determinants and Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 20(2), pages 312-340, March.
    17. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    18. M. Hashem Pesaran & Aman Ullah & Takashi Yamagata, 2008. "A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 11(1), pages 105-127, March.
    19. Nguyen, Van Bon, 2021. "The Difference in the FDI - CO2 Emissions Relationship between Developed and Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence Based on Institutional Perspective," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 62(2), pages 124-140, December.
    20. Celia Mir Alvarez & Renaud Hourcade & Bertrand Lefebvre & Eva Pilot, 2020. "A Scoping Review on Air Quality Monitoring, Policy and Health in West African Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-26, December.
    21. Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi & Bein, Murad A. & Udemba, Edmund Ntom & Bekun, Festus Victor, 2021. "Investigating the pollution haven hypothesis in oil and non-oil sub-Saharan Africa countries: Evidence from quantile regression technique," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    22. Combes, Jean-Louis & Kinda, Tidiane & Ouedraogo, Rasmané & Plane, Patrick, 2019. "Financial flows and economic growth in developing countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 195-209.
    23. Sridhar Thapa & Sanjaya Acharya, 2017. "Remittances and Household Expenditure in Nepal: Evidence from Cross-Section Data," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-17, May.
    24. Richard Osadume & Edih O. University, 2021. "Impact of economic growth on carbon emissions in selected West African countries, 1980–2019," Journal of Money and Business, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 1(1), pages 8-23, July.
    25. Najabat Ali & Khamphe Phoungthong & Kuaanan Techato & Waheed Ali & Shah Abbas & Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj & Anwar Khan, 2022. "FDI, Green Innovation and Environmental Quality Nexus: New Insights from BRICS Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    26. Dorota Wawrzyniak & Wirginia Doryń, 2020. "Does the quality of institutions modify the economic growth-carbon dioxide emissions nexus? Evidence from a group of emerging and developing countries," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 124-144, January.
    27. Cole, Matthew A. & Elliott, Robert J.R. & Strobl, Eric, 2008. "The environmental performance of firms: The role of foreign ownership, training, and experience," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 538-546, April.
    28. Ihtisham ul Haq & Bahtiyar Mehmed & Sisira Kumara Naradda Gamage & Piratdin Allayarov & Dilawar Khan & Zeeshan Zaib Khattak, 2022. "Nexus between export variety and carbon emissions in Pakistan: The role of FDI and technological development," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-16, January.
    29. Abdouli, Mohamed & Hammami, Sami, 2017. "Investigating the causality links between environmental quality, foreign direct investment and economic growth in MENA countries," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 264-278.
    30. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2015. "Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(6-10), pages 1089-1117, December.
    31. Wilman-Santiago Ochoa-Moreno & Byron Alejandro Quito & Carlos Andrés Moreno-Hurtado, 2021. "Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Quality: Revisiting the EKC in Latin American Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    32. Kabiru Saidu Musa & Rabiu Maijama’a & Muktari Yakubu, 2021. "The Causality between Urbanization, Industrialization and Co2 Emissions in Nigeria: Evidence from Toda and Yamamoto Approach," Energy Economics Letters, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14.
    33. Chudik, Alexander & Pesaran, M. Hashem, 2015. "Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 188(2), pages 393-420.
    34. Wajdi Bardi & Mohamed Ali Hfaiedh, 2021. "Causal Interaction between FDI, Corruption and Environmental Quality in the MENA Region," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, February.
    35. Qinghua Pang & Weimo Zhou & Tianxin Zhao & Lina Zhang, 2021. "Impact of Urbanization and Industrial Structure on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Huaihe River Eco-Economic Zone," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-14, October.
    36. Omri, Anis & kahouli, Bassem, 2014. "The nexus among foreign investment, domestic capital and economic growth: Empirical evidence from the MENA region," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 257-263.
    37. Al-mulali, Usama & Foon Tang, Chor, 2013. "Investigating the validity of pollution haven hypothesis in the gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 813-819.
    38. Mita Bhattacharya & John Inekwe & Sudharshan Reddy Paramati, 2018. "Remittances and financial development: empirical evidence from heterogeneous panel of countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(38), pages 4099-4112, August.
    39. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2006. "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 74(4), pages 967-1012, July.
    40. Mohamed Abdouli & Sami Hammami, 2018. "The Dynamic Links Between Environmental Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in the Middle Eastern and North African Countries (MENA Region)," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 9(3), pages 833-853, September.
    41. Brown, Leanora & McFarlane, Adian & Campbell, Kaycea & Das, Anupam, 2020. "Remittances and CO2 emissions in Jamaica: An asymmetric modified environmental kuznets curve," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    42. Miao, Yang & Razzaq, Asif & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji, 2022. "Do renewable energy consumption and financial globalisation contribute to ecological sustainability in newly industrialized countries?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 688-697.
    43. Ali, Mumtaz & Tursoy, Turgut & Samour, Ahmed & Moyo, Delani & Konneh, Abrahim, 2022. "Testing the impact of the gold price, oil price, and renewable energy on carbon emissions in South Africa: Novel evidence from bootstrap ARDL and NARDL approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    44. Dobdinga Cletus Fonchamnyo & Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel & Gildas Dohba Dinga, 2021. "The effects of trade, foreign direct investment, and economic growth on environmental quality and overshoot: a dynamic common correlation effects approach," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(10), pages 1-27, October.
    45. Jiang Qingquan & Shoukat Iqbal Khattak & Manzoor Ahmad & Lin Ping, 2020. "A new approach to environmental sustainability: Assessing the impact of monetary policy on CO2 emissions in Asian economies," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 1331-1346, September.
    46. Dhrifi, Abdelhafidh & Jaziri, Raouf & Alnahdi, Saleh, 2020. "Does foreign direct investment and environmental degradation matter for poverty? Evidence from developing countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 13-21.
    47. Sun Guoyan & Asadullah Khaskheli & Syed Ali Raza & Nida Shah, 2022. "Analyzing the association between the foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in MENA countries: a pathway to sustainable development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4226-4243, March.
    48. Usama, Al-mulali & Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Salahuddin, Mohammad, 2020. "The prominence of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation on the environmental Kuznets curve: A case study of Ethiopia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    49. Zhenghui Li & Hao Dong & Zimei Huang & Pierre Failler, 2019. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environmental Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-16, June.
    50. Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong & Elizabeth Asiedu, 2015. "Remittances and investment in education: Evidence from Ghana," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 173-200, March.
    51. Albino, Vito & Ardito, Lorenzo & Dangelico, Rosa Maria & Messeni Petruzzelli, Antonio, 2014. "Understanding the development trends of low-carbon energy technologies: A patent analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 836-854.
    52. Kaodui Li & Mohammed Musah & Yusheng Kong & Isaac Adjei Mensah & Stephen Kwadwo Antwi & Jonas Bawuah & Mary Donkor & Cephas Paa Kwasi Coffie & Agyemang Andrew Osei, 2020. "Liquidity and Firms’ Financial Performance Nexus: Panel Evidence From Non-Financial Firms Listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, August.
    53. Myeong Hwan Kim & Nodir Adilov, 2012. "The lesser of two evils: an empirical investigation of foreign direct investment-pollution tradeoff," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(20), pages 2597-2606, July.
    54. Fisher-Vanden, Karen & Sue Wing, Ian, 2008. "Accounting for quality: Issues with modeling the impact of R&D on economic growth and carbon emissions in developing economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 2771-2784, November.
    55. Kabiru Saidu Musa & Rabiu Maijama’a & Muktari Yakubu, 2021. "The Causality between Urbanization, Industrialization and Co2 Emissions in Nigeria: Evidence from Toda and Yamamoto Approach," Energy Economics Letters, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14, June.
    56. Manzoor Ahmad & Zahoor Ul Haq & Zeeshan Khan & Shoukat Iqbal Khattak & Zia Ur Rahman & Shehzad Khan, 2019. "Does the inflow of remittances cause environmental degradation? Empirical evidence from China," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(1), pages 2099-2121, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammed Musah, 2023. "Stock market development and environmental quality in EU member countries: a dynamic heterogeneous approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(10), pages 11153-11187, October.
    2. Mohammed Musah & Bright Akwasi Gyamfi & Stephen Taiwo Onifade & Frank Gyimah Sackey, 2025. "Assessing the roles of green innovations and renewables in environmental sustainability of resource‐rich Sub‐Saharan African states: A financial development perspective," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 461-490, February.
    3. Chen, Jie & Huang, Shoujun & Kamran, Hafiz Waqas, 2023. "Empowering sustainability practices through energy transition for sustainable development goal 7: The role of energy patents and natural resources among European Union economies through advanced panel," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    4. Zhang, Lu & Zhao, Huawei, 2024. "Sustainable development mechanism: The role of natural resources, remittance and policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    5. Meng, Yue & Wu, Haoyue & Wang, Yunchen & Duan, Yinying, 2022. "International trade diversification, green innovation, and consumption-based carbon emissions: The role of renewable energy for sustainable development in BRICST countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1243-1253.
    6. Luo, Shunjun & Mabrouk, Fatma, 2022. "Nexus between natural resources, globalization and ecological sustainability in resource-rich countries: Dynamic role of green technology and environmental regulation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    7. Arshian Sharif & Usman Mehmood & Salman Tariq & Zia Ul Haq, 2024. "The role of financial inclusion and globalization toward a sustainable economy in ASEAN countries: evidence from advance panel estimations," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 10243-10260, April.
    8. Khan, Zeeshan & Ali, Muhsin & Jinyu, Liu & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Siqun, Yang, 2020. "Consumption-based carbon emissions and trade nexus: Evidence from nine oil exporting countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    9. Zhongwei, Huang & Liu, Yishu, 2022. "The role of eco-innovations, trade openness, and human capital in sustainable renewable energy consumption: Evidence using CS-ARDL approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 131-140.
    10. Zhao, Wei & Liu, Yishu & Huang, Lihua, 2022. "Estimating environmental Kuznets Curve in the presence of eco-innovation and solar energy: An analysis of G-7 economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 304-314.
    11. Guan, Lu & Zhao, Chang, 2024. "Exploring the dual role of financial inclusion and mineral resources in elevating sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    12. Yu Shuangshuang & Wenzhong Zhu & Nafeesa Mughal & Sergio Ivan Vargas Aparcana & Iskandar Muda, 2023. "The impact of education and digitalization on female labour force participation in BRICS: an advanced panel data analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    13. Liu, Pengqiang & Li, Xin & Chang, Hsu-Ling & Su, Nan, 2024. "Natural resources Kuznets curve: The role of mineral resources, urbanization, and digitalization in BRICS economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    14. Yang, Shuangpeng & umar, Muhammad, 2022. "How globalization is reshaping the environmental quality in G7 economies in the presence of renewable energy initiatives?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 128-135.
    15. Wei, Zhao & Huang, Lihua, 2022. "Does renewable energy matter to achieve sustainable development? Fresh evidence from ten Asian economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 759-767.
    16. Boniface Ngah Epo & Younous Fozoudine Tapche Ndam & Ambiana Mireille Abiala, 2024. "Knowledge Economy and Financial Development in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Panel Autoregressive Distributed-Lag (ARDL) Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 18412-18466, December.
    17. Tenaw, Dagmawe, 2025. "The dynamics of green energy, energy efficiency, economic productivity, and energy-driven emissions in SDG context: Is there a synergistic interplay?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    18. Arshian Sharif & Najia Saqib & Kangyin Dong & Syed Abdul Rehman Khan, 2022. "Nexus between green technology innovation, green financing, and CO2 emissions in the G7 countries: The moderating role of social globalisation," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1934-1946, December.
    19. Chakraborty, Saptorshee Kanto & Mazzanti, Massimiliano, 2020. "Energy intensity and green energy innovation: Checking heterogeneous country effects in the OECD," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 328-343.
    20. Qamruzzaman, Md, 2022. "Nexus between renewable energy, foreign direct investment, and agro-productivity: The mediating role of carbon emission," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 526-540.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02755-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.