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The non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development and energy consumption: Evidence from BRICS economies

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  • Muhammad Imran
  • Xiangyang Liu
  • Shah Saud
  • Muhammad Hanif Akhtar
  • Abdul Haseeb
  • Rongyu Wang
  • Kamran Azam

Abstract

In the era of globalization, financial development plays a key role in socioeconomic and environmental development. However, its adverse consequences on human life, environmental hazards, and high energy consumption cannot be ignored. Thus, this study investigates the non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development, and energy consumption for BRICS economies. In doing so, we have applied second-generation tests to identify cross-sectional dependence in the data. Cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and Cross-sectional Im-Pesaran Shin (CIPS) have been performed to find the stationary level of variables. The long-term equilibrium link between the investigated variables has been established in continuance using the Westerlund Cointegration test. The Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) indicates that U-shaped relationships exist for financial development and globalization with energy consumption. Conversely, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship exist between economic growth and energy consumption in BRICS. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test findings show that a unidirectional link runs from energy consumption to financial development, economic growth to energy consumption, and globalization towards energy usage. Important policy implications have also been discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Imran & Xiangyang Liu & Shah Saud & Muhammad Hanif Akhtar & Abdul Haseeb & Rongyu Wang & Kamran Azam, 2023. "The non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development and energy consumption: Evidence from BRICS economies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(12), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0293890
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293890
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