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Financial development and energy demand in the United States: New evidence from combined cointegration and asymmetric causality tests

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  • Farhani, Sahbi
  • Solarin, Sakiru Adebola

Abstract

This paper applies a newly developed LM unit root test based on residual augmented least squares (RALS) regression under structural break and Bayer–Hanck cointegration approach to explore the integrating properties and to check whether a long run relationship exists among energy demand, financial development, economic growth, foreign direct investment (hereafter FDI), trade and capital using the United States dataset spanning over a period of four decades of 1973q1–2014q4. The results reveal cointegration among the series. Also, we find that financial development, FDI and real GDP reduce energy demand, while energy demand is positively affected by trade and capital in the long run. Moreover, real GDP and capital have an inverse impact on energy demand, while financial development, FDI and trade stimulate energy demand in the short run. Using a recently introduced asymmetric causality test, the results show that real GDP, FDI, trade and capital Granger cause energy demand in the long run, while a feedback effect is found for FDI and trade. This study opens up new insights for policy makers to maintain financial development and sustain economic growth in the United States.

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  • Farhani, Sahbi & Solarin, Sakiru Adebola, 2017. "Financial development and energy demand in the United States: New evidence from combined cointegration and asymmetric causality tests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1029-1037.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:134:y:2017:i:c:p:1029-1037
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.121
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy demand; Financial development; The United States;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • P34 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Finance
    • N71 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • C41 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies

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