IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/jbkreg/v26y2025i1d10.1057_s41261-024-00248-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transitional role of risk and uncertainty on bank-based versus market-based relationship: evidence from MENA region

Author

Listed:
  • Nkwor Nelson Nwani

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo)

  • Austin Ujunwa

    (West African Monetary Institute)

  • Chinwe R. Okoyeuzu

    (University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus)

  • Angela Ujunwa

    (University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus
    Teesside University Business School)

  • Ebere Ume Kalu

    (University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus)

  • Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan

    (The Saudi Economic Association)

Abstract

The study re-examines the complementarity hypothesis of bank versus market-based financial structure in developing countries during periods of heightened systemic risks in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) context. The system Generalised Method of Moments (system GMM) was used to re-examine the hypothesis using annual data from 2000 to 2020. We find evidence of a negative relationship between bank-based financial structure and market-based financial structure during the period of heightened systemic risk. We argue that the result could be explained by the amplitude of systemic risk during financial crises and economic policy uncertainty that is higher in bank-based than in market-based financial structure. The finding of this study brings to the fore, the importance of mainstreaming policies that moderate the distortionary effect of systemic risks on the evolution of the financial structure.

Suggested Citation

  • Nkwor Nelson Nwani & Austin Ujunwa & Chinwe R. Okoyeuzu & Angela Ujunwa & Ebere Ume Kalu & Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan, 2025. "Transitional role of risk and uncertainty on bank-based versus market-based relationship: evidence from MENA region," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(1), pages 100-109, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jbkreg:v:26:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1057_s41261-024-00248-9
    DOI: 10.1057/s41261-024-00248-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41261-024-00248-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41261-024-00248-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    2. David Roodman, 2009. "How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 9(1), pages 86-136, March.
    3. Robert G. King & Ross Levine, 1993. "Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 108(3), pages 717-737.
    4. Levine, Ross & Zervos, Sara, 1998. "Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(3), pages 537-558, June.
    5. Kiminori Matsuyama, 1995. "Complementarities and Cumulative Processes in Models of Monopolistic Competition," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 33(2), pages 701-729, June.
    6. Davydov, Denis & Vähämaa, Sami & Yasar, Sara, 2021. "Bank liquidity creation and systemic risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    7. Ross Levine, 1997. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 35(2), pages 688-726, June.
    8. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R. & Lundblad, Christian, 2005. "Does financial liberalization spur growth?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 3-55, July.
    9. Sheilla Nyasha & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2015. "The Impact of Banks and Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in South Africa: an ARDL-bounds Testing Approach," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 9(1), March.
    10. Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen, 1998. "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 115-143, August.
    11. Asli Demirguc-Kunt & Ross Levine (ed.), 2004. "Financial Structure and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Comparison of Banks, Markets, and Development," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262541793, December.
    12. Craig, Ben & von Peter, Goetz, 2014. "Interbank tiering and money center banks," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 322-347.
    13. Bruce D. Smith & John H. Boyd, 1998. "The evolution of debt and equity markets in economic development," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 12(3), pages 519-560.
    14. Levine, Ross & Zervos, Sara, 1998. "Capital Control Liberalization and Stock Market Development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1169-1183, July.
    15. Kurter, Zeynep O., 2024. "How macroeconomic conditions affect systemic risk in the short and long-run?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    16. Levine, Ross, 2002. "Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which Is Better?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 398-428, October.
    17. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2002. "Funding growth in bank-based and market-based financial systems: evidence from firm-level data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 337-363, September.
    18. Sam Langfield & Marco Pagano, 2016. "Bank bias in Europe: effects on systemic risk and growth," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 31(85), pages 51-106.
    19. Fenghua Song & AnjanV. Thakor, 2010. "Financial System Architecture and the Co-evolution of Banks and Capital Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(547), pages 1021-1055, September.
    20. Bats, Joost V. & Houben, Aerdt C.F.J., 2020. "Bank-based versus market-based financing: Implications for systemic risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    21. Adeline Saillard, 2012. "The role of complementarity and the financial liberalization in the financial crisis," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 12038, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    22. Allen, Franklin & Gale, Douglas, 1997. "Financial Markets, Intermediaries, and Intertemporal Smoothing," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 105(3), pages 523-546, June.
    23. Elfeituri, Hatem, 2022. "Banking stability, institutional quality, market concentration, competition and political conflict in MENA," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    24. King, Robert G. & Levine, Ross, 1993. "Finance, entrepreneurship and growth: Theory and evidence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 513-542, December.
    25. Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Sohag, Kazi & Sousa, Ricardo M., 2024. "Oil shocks and financial stability in MENA countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    26. Bert Scholtens & Dick van Wensveen, 2003. "The Theory of Financial Intermediation: An Essay On What It Does (Not) Explain," SUERF Studies, SUERF - The European Money and Finance Forum, number 2003/1 edited by Morten Balling, May.
    27. Adeline Saillard, 2012. "The Role of Complementarity and the Financial Liberalization in the Financial Crisis," Post-Print halshs-00716859, HAL.
    28. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    29. Liu, Chao & Fan, Yixin & Xie, Qiwei & Wang, Chao, 2022. "Market-based versus bank-based financial structure in China: From the perspective of financial risk," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 24-39.
    30. Beck, Thorsten & Levine, Ross, 2002. "Industry growth and capital allocation:*1: does having a market- or bank-based system matter?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(2), pages 147-180, May.
    31. Xing Zhang & Fengchao Li & Yingying Xu & Jaime Ortiz, 2022. "Economic uncertainty and bank risk: the moderating role of risk governance," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 1639-1657, December.
    32. Zimper, Alexander, 2016. "Banks versus markets. A response to Kucinskas," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 174-176.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marc Steffen Rapp & Iuliia A. Udoieva, 2018. "What matters in the finance–growth nexus of advanced economies? Evidence from OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(6), pages 676-690, February.
    2. Levine, Ross, 2005. "Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 12, pages 865-934, Elsevier.
    3. Alessio Ciarlone, 2019. "The relationship between financial development and growth: the case of emerging Europe," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 521, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    4. Samargandi, Nahla & Fidrmuc, Jan & Ghosh, Sugata, 2015. "Is the Relationship Between Financial Development and Economic Growth Monotonic? Evidence from a Sample of Middle-Income Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 66-81.
    5. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gupta, Rangan & Lee, Chien-Chiang & Olasehinde-Williams, Godwin, 2018. "The synergistic effect of insurance and banking sector activities on economic growth in Africa," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 637-648.
    6. Thumrongvit, Patara & Kim, Yoonbai & Pyun, Chong Soo, 2013. "Linking the missing market: The effect of bond markets on economic growth," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 529-541.
    7. Fufa, Tolina & Kim, Jaebeom, 2018. "Stock markets, banks, and economic growth: Evidence from more homogeneous panels," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 504-517.
    8. Allen, Franklin & Bartiloro, Laura & Gu, Xian & Kowalewski, Oskar, 2018. "Does economic structure determine financial structure?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 389-409.
    9. Thorsten Beck, 2009. "The Econometrics of Finance and Growth," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Terence C. Mills & Kerry Patterson (ed.), Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics, chapter 25, pages 1180-1209, Palgrave Macmillan.
    10. Lee, Bong-Soo, 2012. "Bank-based and market-based financial systems: Time-series evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 173-197.
    11. Beck, Thorsten & Levine, Ross, 2004. "Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 423-442, March.
    12. Rosa Capolupo, 2018. "Finance, Investment and Growth: Evidence for Italy," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 47(1), pages 145-186, February.
    13. Popov, Alexander, 2017. "Evidence on finance and economic growth," Working Paper Series 2115, European Central Bank.
    14. Donou-Adonsou, Ficawoyi & Sylwester, Kevin, 2017. "Growth effect of banks and microfinance: Evidence from developing countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 44-56.
    15. Hosamane, Manjappa & Rajanna, Niranjan, 2010. "Financial Liberalization, Development and Industrial Growth: Evidence from India," MPRA Paper 55624, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. James B. Ang, 2008. "A Survey Of Recent Developments In The Literature Of Finance And Growth," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 536-576, July.
    17. Carlin, Wendy & Mayer, Colin, 2003. "Finance, investment, and growth," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 191-226, July.
    18. María Carkovic & Ross Levine, 2002. "Finance and Growth: New Evidence and Policy Analyses for Chile," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Norman Loayza & Raimundo Soto & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Series Editor) (ed.),Economic Growth: Sources, Trends, and Cycles, edition 1, volume 6, chapter 11, pages 343-376, Central Bank of Chile.
    19. Rioja, Felix & Valev, Neven, 2004. "Does one size fit all?: a reexamination of the finance and growth relationship," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 429-447, August.
    20. Koetter, Michael & Wedow, Michael, 2010. "Finance and growth in a bank-based economy: Is it quantity or quality that matters?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(8), pages 1529-1545, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:jbkreg:v:26:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1057_s41261-024-00248-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.