IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/jinten/v16y2018i2d10.1007_s10843-017-0221-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Coming out of conflict: How migrant entrepreneurs utilise human and social capital

Author

Listed:
  • Nick Williams

    (University of Leeds)

  • Besnik A. Krasniqi

    (University of Prishtina)

Abstract

This paper examines how human and social capital influences the entrepreneurial activity of migrant entrepreneurs, with special reference to forced migrants due to conflict. The study uses Riinvest Migrant’s Survey data collected at the end of 2008 and beginning of 2009 to estimate the probability of entrepreneurial activity among Kosovan migrants. The findings demonstrate that host networking (foreign spouse and foreign language fluency) exerts a positive effect on entrepreneurial activity of migrants, while co-ethnic networking is found not to be important. We show that migration experience has a positive impact on the probability of entrepreneurship. Exposure to host country (both measured as years in migration and age) increases probability to start a business. Educational qualifications in the country of origin before migration do not have any influence on entrepreneurship, while specific business training in the country of residence has a positive impact. Contributions to scholarship on migrant entrepreneurship and policy approaches to mobilise them are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nick Williams & Besnik A. Krasniqi, 2018. "Coming out of conflict: How migrant entrepreneurs utilise human and social capital," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 301-323, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jinten:v:16:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s10843-017-0221-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10843-017-0221-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10843-017-0221-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10843-017-0221-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bird, Miriam & Wennberg, Karl, 2016. "Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs' exit from entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 687-704.
    2. Amelie Constant & Klaus Zimmermann, 2006. "The Making of Entrepreneurs in Germany: Are Native Men and Immigrants Alike?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 279-300, April.
    3. Besnik A. Krasniqi, 2007. "Barriers To Entrepreneurship And Sme Growth In Transition: The Case Of Kosova," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(01), pages 71-94.
    4. Nick Williams & Colin C. Williams, 2012. "Evaluating the socio-spatial contingency of entrepreneurial motivations: A case study of English deprived urban neighbourhoods," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(7-8), pages 661-684, September.
    5. Westlund, Hans & Bolton, Roger, 2003. "Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 77-113, September.
    6. Marco Caliendo & Frank M. Fossen & Alexander Kritikos & Miriam Wetter, 2015. "The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 61(1), pages 202-238.
    7. Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M., 2016. "Institutional Reform and Diaspora Entrepreneurs: The In-Between Advantage," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190278229.
    8. Russell King & Matloob Piracha & Julie Vullnetari, 2010. "Migration and Development in Transition Economies of Southeastern Europe," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(6), pages 3-16, November.
    9. Sarah L. Jack, 2005. "The Role, Use and Activation of Strong and Weak Network Ties: A Qualitative Analysis," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(6), pages 1233-1259, September.
    10. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, 1996. "Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 31(4), pages 757-793.
    11. Marco Caliendo & Frank Fossen & Alexander Kritikos, 2014. "Personality characteristics and the decisions to become and stay self-employed," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 787-814, April.
    12. Chiara Peroni & Cesare A. F. Riillo & Francesco Sarracino, 2016. "Entrepreneurship and immigration: evidence from GEM Luxembourg," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(4), pages 639-656, April.
    13. Durim Hoxha, 2009. "Barriers to doing business in Kosova: an institutional approach," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(2), pages 186-199.
    14. Enno Masurel & Peter Nijkamp & Gabriella Vindigni, 2004. "Breeding places for ethnic entrepreneurs: a comparative marketing approach," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 77-86, January.
    15. Riddle, Liesl & Hrivnak, George A. & Nielsen, Tjai M., 2010. "Transnational diaspora entrepreneurship in emerging markets: Bridging institutional divides," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 398-411, December.
    16. Besnik A. Krasniqi & Nick Williams, 2019. "Migration and intention to return: entrepreneurial intentions of the diaspora in post-conflict economies," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 464-483, July.
    17. David J. McKenzie & Johan Mistiaen, 2009. "Surveying migrant households: a comparison of census‐based, snowball and intercept point surveys," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 172(2), pages 339-360, April.
    18. Maria Elo, 2016. "Typology of diaspora entrepreneurship: Case studies in Uzbekistan," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 121-155, March.
    19. Trevor Jones & Monder Ram & Nick Theodorakopoulos, 2010. "Transnationalism as a Force for Ethnic Minority Enterprise? The Case of Somalis in Leicester," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 565-585, September.
    20. Nick Williams & Robert Huggins & Piers Thompson, 2017. "Social Capital and Entrepreneurship: Does the Relationship Hold in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods?," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(4), pages 719-743, December.
    21. Naudé, Wim & Siegel, Melissa & Marchand, Katrin, 2015. "Migration, Entrepreneurship and Development: A Critical Review," IZA Discussion Papers 9284, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    22. Jonathan Levie, 2007. "Immigration, In-Migration, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 143-169, March.
    23. Philippe Legrain, 2007. "Introduction to Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them," Introductory Chapters, in: Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them, Princeton University Press.
    24. Riddle, Liesl & Brinkerhoff, Jennifer, 2011. "Diaspora entrepreneurs as institutional change agents: The case of Thamel.com," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 670-680.
    25. Judith M�llers & Wiebke Meyer & Sherif Xhema & Diana Traikova & Gertrud Buchenrieder, 2015. "Cognitive Constructs and the Intention to Remit," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(10), pages 1341-1357, October.
    26. Ana María Ibañez & Andrés Moya, 2010. "Do Conflicts Create Poverty Traps? Asset Losses and Recovery for Displaced Households in Colombia," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Crime: Lessons For and From Latin America, pages 137-172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    27. Nir Kshetri, 2013. "The Diaspora As A Change Agent In Entrepreneurship-Related Institutions In Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(03), pages 1-27.
    28. Jack, Sarah L. & Anderson, Alistair R., 2002. "The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 467-487, September.
    29. Besnik A. Krasniqi & Muhamet Mustafa, 2016. "Small firm growth in a post-conflict environment: the role of human capital, institutional quality, and managerial capacities," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 1165-1207, December.
    30. Chand, Masud & Ghorbani, Majid, 2011. "National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 593-606.
    31. Robert C. Kloosterman, 2010. "Matching opportunities with resources: A framework for analysing (migrant) entrepreneurship from a mixed embeddedness perspective," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 25-45, January.
    32. Anderson, Alistair R. & Dodd, Sarah Drakopoulou & Jack, Sarah, 2010. "Network practices and entrepreneurial growth," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 121-133, June.
    33. Trevor Jones & Monder Ram & Paul Edwards & Alex Kiselinchev & Lovemore Muchenje, 2014. "Mixed embeddedness and new migrant enterprise in the UK," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(5-6), pages 500-520, August.
    34. Neville, François & Orser, Barbara & Riding, Allan & Jung, Owen, 2014. "Do young firms owned by recent immigrants outperform other young firms?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-71.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kovac,Dejan & Efendic,Adnan & Shapiro,Jacob N., 2022. "Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality :Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10021, The World Bank.
    2. Muhammad Farhan Jalil & Azlan Ali & Rashidah Kamarulzaman, 2023. "The influence of psychological capital and social capital on women entrepreneurs’ intentions: the mediating role of attitude," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Adnan Efendic & Dejan Kovac & Jacob N. Shapiro, 2023. "Exposure to Conflict, Migrations and Long-run Education and Income Inequality: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(8), pages 1003-1017, November.
    4. Eduardo Picanço Cruz & Roberto Pessoa QueirozFalcão & Rafael Cuba Mancebo, 2020. "Market orientation and strategic decisions on immigrant and ethnic small firms," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 227-255, June.
    5. Carlos Poblete & Vesna Mandakovic, 2021. "Innovative outcomes from migrant entrepreneurship: a matter of whether you think you can, or think you can’t," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 571-592, June.
    6. Zimei Liu & Yezhi Ren & Yanlan Mei, 2022. "How Does Internet Use Promote Farmer Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Rural China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Henrik Barth & Ghazal Zalkat, 2020. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Sweden: The Liability of Newness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Maribel Guerrero & Roseline Wanjiru, 2021. "Entrepreneurial migrants from/in emerging economies: breaking taboos and stereotypes," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 477-506, June.
    9. David, Alexandra & Schäfer, Susann & Terstriep, Judith, 2021. "Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurs: Asset in times of crisis?," Forschung Aktuell 01/2021, Institut Arbeit und Technik (IAT), Westfälische Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences.
    10. Solomon Akele Abebe, 2023. "Refugee entrepreneurship: systematic and thematic analyses and a research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 315-350, January.
    11. Nick Williams & Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki & Besnik A. Krasniqi, 2023. "When Forced Migrants Go Home: The Journey of Returnee Entrepreneurs in the Post-conflict Economies of Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(2), pages 430-460, March.
    12. Sinkovics, Noemi & Reuber, A. Rebecca, 2021. "Beyond disciplinary silos: A systematic analysis of the migrant entrepreneurship literature," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(4).
    13. Jahmurataj, Veton & Ramadani, Veland & Bexheti, Abdylmenaf & Rexhepi, Gadaf & Abazi-Alili, Hyrije & Krasniqi, Besnik A., 2023. "Unveiling the determining factors of family business longevity: Evidence from Kosovo," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    14. Nick Williams & Adnan Efendic, 2019. "Internal displacement and external migration in a post-conflict economy: Perceptions of institutions among migrant entrepreneurs," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 558-585, December.
    15. Philipp Aerni, 2021. "Decentralized Economic Complexity in Switzerland and Its Contribution to Inclusive and Sustainable Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Qian Wang & Mengmeng Hao & David Helman & Fangyu Ding & Dong Jiang & Xiaolan Xie & Shuai Chen & Tian Ma, 2023. "Quantifying the influence of climate variability on armed conflict in Africa, 2000–2015," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 9289-9306, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dabić, Marina & Vlačić, Bozidar & Paul, Justin & Dana, Leo-Paul & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Glinka, Beata, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 25-38.
    2. Jan Wiers & Didier Chabaud, 2022. "Bibliometric analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship research 2009–2019," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 12(1), pages 441-464, December.
    3. Maribel Guerrero & Vesna Mandakovic & Mauricio Apablaza & Veronica Arriagada, 2021. "Are migrants in/from emerging economies more entrepreneurial than natives?," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 527-548, June.
    4. Maria Elo & Susanne Sandberg & Per Servais & Rodrigo Basco & Allan Discua Cruz & Liesl Riddle & Florian Täube, 2018. "Advancing the views on migrant and diaspora entrepreneurs in international entrepreneurship," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 119-133, June.
    5. Nick Williams & Adnan Efendic, 2019. "Internal displacement and external migration in a post-conflict economy: Perceptions of institutions among migrant entrepreneurs," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 558-585, December.
    6. Kunlin Xu & Judy Drennan & Shane Mathews, 2019. "Immigrant entrepreneurs and their cross-cultural capabilities: A study of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 520-557, December.
    7. Ibrahim Sirkeci & Fatma Zeren, 2018. "Diaspora Marketing Revisited: The nexus of entrepreneurs and consumers," Transnational Marketing Journal, Oxbridge Publishing House, UK, vol. 6(2), pages 139-157, October.
    8. Nyame-Asiamah, Frank & Amoako, Isaac Oduro & Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph & Debrah, Yaw A., 2020. "Diaspora entrepreneurs’ push and pull institutional factors for investing in Africa: Insights from African returnees from the United Kingdom," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    9. Nick Williams, 2018. "Mobilising diaspora to promote homeland investment: The progress of policy in post-conflict economies," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 36(7), pages 1256-1279, November.
    10. Ratan J. S. Dheer, 2018. "Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 555-614, September.
    11. Shayegheh Ashourizadeh & Jizhen Li & Kent Adsbøll Wickstrøm, 2022. "Immigrants` Entrepreneurial Networks and Export: A Comparative Study," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 1291-1318, September.
    12. Nick Williams & Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki & Besnik A. Krasniqi, 2023. "When Forced Migrants Go Home: The Journey of Returnee Entrepreneurs in the Post-conflict Economies of Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(2), pages 430-460, March.
    13. Shayegheh Ashourizadeh & Jizhen Li & Kent Adsbøll Wickstrøm, 0. "Immigrants` Entrepreneurial Networks and Export: A Comparative Study," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-28.
    14. Rana, Mohammad B. & Elo, Maria, 2017. "Transnational Diaspora and Civil Society Actors Driving MNE Internationalisation: The Case of Grameenphone in Bangladesh," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 87-106.
    15. Chengguang Li & Rodrigo Isidor & Luis Alfonso Dau & Rudy Kabst, 2018. "The More the Merrier? Immigrant Share and Entrepreneurial Activities," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(5), pages 698-733, September.
    16. Eduardo Picanço Cruz & Roberto Pessoa QueirozFalcão & Rafael Cuba Mancebo, 2020. "Market orientation and strategic decisions on immigrant and ethnic small firms," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 227-255, June.
    17. Nadia Simoes & Nuno Crespo & Sandrina B. Moreira, 2016. "Individual Determinants Of Self-Employment Entry: What Do We Really Know?," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 783-806, September.
    18. Elo, Maria & Täube, Florian A. & Servais, Per, 2022. "Who is doing “transnational diaspora entrepreneurship”? Understanding formal identity and status," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(1).
    19. Daniela Bolzani & Cristina Boari, 2018. "Evaluations of export feasibility by immigrant and non-immigrant entrepreneurs in new technology-based firms," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 176-209, June.
    20. Abd Hamid, Hamizah & Pidduck, Robert J. & Newman, Alexander & Ayob, Abu Hanifah & Sidek, Farhana, 2023. "Intercultural resource arbitrageurs: A review and extension of the literature on transnational entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:jinten:v:16:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s10843-017-0221-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.