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Transnationalism as a Force for Ethnic Minority Enterprise? The Case of Somalis in Leicester

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  • TREVOR JONES
  • MONDER RAM
  • NICK THEODORAKOPOULOS

Abstract

The extant literature on the phenomenon of transnational entrepreneurship has documented that in an era characterized by ‘superdiversity’, ethnic minorities use their diasporic networks to access an array of valuable resources in order to facilitate entrepreneurial activity. The article examines the connection between the notions of ‘superdiversity’, transnationalism and entrepreneurship by illuminating the dynamics of ‘transnational’ Somali business activity in Leicester. Considering this as a critical case, we attempt to address a gap in the literature on ethnic minority enterprise, which has struggled to address the ‘diversification of diversity’ that attends the arrival of new communities in the UK. Moreover, the article contributes to the discussion on the importance of ‘conditioning factors’ in explaining the ‘integration’ of new arrivals. Although familial and co‐ethnic ties influence the availability and interaction of social, financial and human capital, this falls considerably short of neoliberal depictions of globalization. The political‐economic context imposes harsh constraints upon Somali business activity which cannot be circumvented by the utilization of diasporic links, and transnational entrepreneurship is likely to be the preserve of a minority of minorities. Résumé La littérature existante sur le phénomène de l'entreprenariat transnational a montré qu'à une époque empreinte de ‘superdiversité’, les minorités ethniques utilisent les réseaux de leur diaspora pour accéder à tout un ensemble de ressources précieuses pour faciliter l'activité entrepreneuriale. L'article examine le lien entre les notions de ‘superdiversité’, de transnationalisme et d'initiative entrepreneuriale en éclairant la dynamique de l'activitééconomique ‘transnationale’ somalienne à Leicester. Considérant ce cas comme critique, ce travail tente de combler une lacune dans les recherches sur l'entreprise au sein des minorités ethniques, ces études n'ayant pas réussi à traiter la ‘diversification de la diversité’ résultant de l'arrivée de nouvelles communautés au Royaume‐Uni. En outre, l'article contribue à la discussion sur l'importance des ‘facteurs de conditionnement’ dans l'explication de ‘l'intégration’ de nouveaux arrivants. Même si les liens familiaux et la co‐ethnicité influencent la disponibilité et l'interaction du capital social, financier et humain, l'ensemble est très loin des représentations néolibérales de la mondialisation. Le contexte politico‐économique impose des contraintes sévères sur l'activitééconomique des Somaliens, contraintes qui ne peuvent être contournées en recourant au réseau de la diaspora, et l'entreprenariat transnational risque donc d'être réservéà une minorité de minorités.

Suggested Citation

  • Trevor Jones & Monder Ram & Nick Theodorakopoulos, 2010. "Transnationalism as a Force for Ethnic Minority Enterprise? The Case of Somalis in Leicester," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 565-585, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:34:y:2010:i:3:p:565-585
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00913.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Kloosterman & Joanne Van Der Leun & Jan Rath, 1999. "Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 252-266, June.
    2. Colin C. Williams, 2006. "The Hidden Enterprise Culture," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 3948.
    3. Monder Ram & Trevor Jones & Tahir Abbas & Balihar Sanghera, 2002. "Ethnic Minority Enterprise in its Urban Context: South Asian Restuarants in Birmingham," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 24-40, March.
    4. Cheryl Mcewan & Jane Pollard & Nick Henry, 2005. "The ‘Global’ in the City Economy: Multicultural Economic Development in Birmingham," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 916-933, December.
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    6. Monder Ram & Tahir Abbas & Balihar Sanghera & Gerald Barlow & Trevor Jones, 2001. "`Apprentice Entrepreneurs'? Ethnic Minority Workers in the Independent Restaurant Sector," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 15(2), pages 353-372, June.
    7. Trevor Jones & Monder Ram, 2007. "Re-embedding the ethnic business agenda," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 21(3), pages 439-457, September.
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    1. Jan Wiers & Didier Chabaud, 2022. "Bibliometric analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship research 2009–2019," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 12(1), pages 441-464, December.
    2. Hugo Valenzuela-García & José Luis Molina & Miranda J. Lubbers & Alejandro García-Macías & Judith Pampalona & Juergen Lerner, 2014. "On Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Networks in a Multilayered Reality: Clashing Interests in the Ethnic Enclave of Lloret de Mar," Societies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Efendic, Nedim & Andersson, Fredrik W. & Wennberg, Karl, 2015. "Growth in first- and second-generation immigrant firms in Sweden," Ratio Working Papers 265, The Ratio Institute.
    4. Suzanne Hall & Julia King & Robin Finlay, 2017. "Migrant infrastructure: Transaction economies in Birmingham and Leicester, UK," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(6), pages 1311-1327, May.
    5. Mai Camilla Munkejord, 2017. "Becoming Spatially Embedded: Findings from a Study on Rural Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Norway," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 5(1), pages 111-130.
    6. Trevor Jones & Monder Ram & Paul Edwards & Alexander Kiselinchev & Lovemore Muchenje, 2012. "New Migrant Enterprise: Novelty or Historical Continuity?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(14), pages 3159-3176, November.
    7. Thomas Antwi Bosiakoh, 2020. "Transnational Embeddedness of Nigerian Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Ghana, West Africa," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1187-1204, December.
    8. Nick Williams & Besnik A. Krasniqi, 2018. "Coming out of conflict: How migrant entrepreneurs utilise human and social capital," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 301-323, June.

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