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Transmission alternatives for offshore electrical power

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  • de Alegría, Iñigo Martínez
  • Martín, Jose Luis
  • Kortabarria, Iñigo
  • Andreu, Jon
  • Ereño, Pedro Ibañez

Abstract

The oceans represent a huge energy reservoir. Although today all of the marine power projects are very near from the shore and they are rated at low power, the huge potential of the seas may in a not very distant future bring marine power further into the sea. Also offshore oil and gas exploration is moving into deeper waters and at longer distances from land. New carbon sequestration projects under the seabed are on the way which require a vast amount of electric power consumption. The substitution of offshore power generators by power provided from the grid may have environmental benefits, but the deployment of offshore transmission of bulk electrical power to or from offshore platforms to the electrical grid onshore is a mayor challenge. The main objective of this paper is to focus on trends that can lead to a feasible transmission system in offshore energy systems far from land, and to introduce the technological alternatives which could help to reach that goal. The paper describes the main alternatives and the technical and economical aspects of the transmission of electrical power offshore.

Suggested Citation

  • de Alegría, Iñigo Martínez & Martín, Jose Luis & Kortabarria, Iñigo & Andreu, Jon & Ereño, Pedro Ibañez, 2009. "Transmission alternatives for offshore electrical power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1027-1038, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:13:y:2009:i:5:p:1027-1038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. de Alegría, Iñigo Martinez & Andreu, Jon & Martín, José Luis & Ibañez, Pedro & Villate, José Luis & Camblong, Haritza, 2007. "Connection requirements for wind farms: A survey on technical requierements and regulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1858-1872, October.
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    1. P R Thies & L Johanning & G H Smith, 2012. "Assessing mechanical loading regimes and fatigue life of marine power cables in marine energy applications," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 226(1), pages 18-32, February.
    2. Gomes Relva, Stefania & Oliveira da Silva, Vinícius & Peyerl, Drielli & Veiga Gimenes, André Luiz & Molares Udaeta, Miguel Edgar, 2020. "Regulating the electro-energetic use of natural gas by gas-to-wire offshore technology: Case study from Brazil," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    3. Beels, Charlotte & Troch, Peter & Kofoed, Jens Peter & Frigaard, Peter & Vindahl Kringelum, Jon & Carsten Kromann, Peter & Heyman Donovan, Martin & De Rouck, Julien & De Backer, Griet, 2011. "A methodology for production and cost assessment of a farm of wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3402-3416.
    4. Delucchi, Mark A. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2011. "Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1170-1190, March.
    5. Blond, S. Le & Bertho, R. & Coury, D.V. & Vieira, J.C.M., 2016. "Design of protection schemes for multi-terminal HVDC systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 965-974.
    6. Ruddy, Jonathan & Meere, Ronan & O’Donnell, Terence, 2016. "Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 75-86.
    7. Rouzbehi, Kumars & Candela, J. Ignacio & Gharehpetian, Gevork B. & Harnefors, Lennart & Luna, Alvaro & Rodriguez, Pedro, 2017. "Multiterminal DC grids: Operating analogies to AC power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 886-895.
    8. Madariaga, A. & de Alegría, I. Martínez & Martín, J.L. & Eguía, P. & Ceballos, S., 2012. "Current facts about offshore wind farms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3105-3116.
    9. Rourke, Fergal O. & Boyle, Fergal & Reynolds, Anthony, 2010. "Marine current energy devices: Current status and possible future applications in Ireland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 1026-1036, April.
    10. López, Iraide & Andreu, Jon & Ceballos, Salvador & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo & Kortabarria, Iñigo, 2013. "Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 413-434.
    11. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    12. Salari, Mahdi Ebrahimi & Coleman, Joseph & Toal, Daniel, 2019. "Analysis of direct interconnection technique for offshore airborne wind energy systems under normal and fault conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 284-296.
    13. Velasco, D. & Trujillo, C.L. & Peña, R.A., 2011. "Power transmission in direct current. Future expectations for Colombia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 759-765, January.
    14. Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A. & López, A., 2017. "Techno-economic challenges of tidal energy conversion systems: Current status and trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 536-550.
    15. Islam, A.B.M. Saiful & Jameel, Mohammed & Jumaat, Mohd Zamin & Shirazi, S.M. & Salman, Firas A., 2012. "Review of offshore energy in Malaysia and floating Spar platform for sustainable exploration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 6268-6284.
    16. Möller, Bernd, 2011. "Continuous spatial modelling to analyse planning and economic consequences of offshore wind energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 511-517, February.
    17. Orlandini, Valentina & Pierobon, Leonardo & Schløer, Signe & De Pascale, Andrea & Haglind, Fredrik, 2016. "Dynamic performance of a novel offshore power system integrated with a wind farm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 236-247.
    18. Kaiser, Mark J. & Snyder, Brian F., 2013. "Modeling offshore wind installation costs on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 676-691.
    19. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Rogers, Daniel J. & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E. & Liang, Jun & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2012. "Effect of non-standard operating frequencies on the economic cost of offshore AC networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 267-280.

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