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Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review

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  • Ruddy, Jonathan
  • Meere, Ronan
  • O’Donnell, Terence

Abstract

Offshore wind farm integration is providing substantial technical and economic challenges in the medium term and the trend for farther shore development in the future is focusing research and industry attention on cost effective transmission alternatives to existing technologies. In 2014, offshore wind capacity in Europe consisted of 8045MW, with the majority of this connected to onshore grid via High Voltage AC (HVAC) transmission. Wind farms commissioned further offshore (>80km) utilise High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission for grid interconnection. The deployment and operation of Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) HVDC substations in harsh offshore environments is still a major challenge for the offshore wind industry. Recently, research studies to reduce the complexity of the offshore network have been undertaken both in industry and in academia, with the primary motivation of reducing cost and increasing reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruddy, Jonathan & Meere, Ronan & O’Donnell, Terence, 2016. "Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 75-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:75-86
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.033
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    Cited by:

    1. Meere, Ronan & Ruddy, Jonathan & McNamara, Paul & O'Donnell, Terence, 2017. "Variable AC transmission frequencies for offshore wind farm interconnection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 321-332.
    2. Meng, Yongqing & Yan, Shuhao & Wu, Kang & Ning, Lianhui & Li, Xuan & Wang, Xiuli & Wang, Xifan, 2021. "Comparative economic analysis of low frequency AC transmission system for the integration of large offshore wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1955-1968.
    3. Yann Girard & Claudia Kemfert & Franziska Neumann & Julius Stoll, 2019. "Marktdesign für eine effiziente Netzanbindung von Offshore-Windenergie: eine Studie im Auftrag von Ørsted Offshore Wind," DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 127, number pbk136, Enero-Abr.
    4. Soares-Ramos, Emanuel P.P. & de Oliveira-Assis, Lais & Sarrias-Mena, Raúl & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M., 2020. "Current status and future trends of offshore wind power in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    5. Kala, Peeyush & Arora, Sudha, 2017. "A comprehensive study of classical and hybrid multilevel inverter topologies for renewable energy applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 905-931.
    6. Sadik Kucuksari & Nuh Erdogan & Umit Cali, 2019. "Impact of Electrical Topology, Capacity Factor and Line Length on Economic Performance of Offshore Wind Investments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-21, August.

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