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Brazil Offshore Wind Resources and Atmospheric Surface Layer Stability

Author

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  • Felipe M. Pimenta

    (Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Campus Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88010-970, Brazil)

  • Allan R. Silva

    (Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
    Current address: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE 56909-535, Brazil.)

  • Arcilan T. Assireu

    (Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajubá, MG 37500-903, Brazil)

  • Vinicio de S. e Almeida

    (Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil)

  • Osvaldo R. Saavedra

    (Centro Tecnológico, Departamento de Engenharia de Eletricidade, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses s/n, Bacanga, São Luís, MA 65080-040, Brazil)

Abstract

Brazil’s offshore wind resources are evaluated from satellite winds and ocean heat flux datasets. Winds are extrapolated to the height of modern turbines accounting for atmospheric stability. Turbine technical data are combined with wind and bathymetric information for description of the seasonal and latitudinal variability of wind power. Atmospheric conditions vary from unstable situations in the tropics, to neutral and slightly stable conditions in the subtropics. Cabo Frio upwelling in the southeast tends to promote slightly stable conditions during the spring and summer. Likewise, Plata plume cold-water intrusions in southern shelf tends to create neutral to slightly stable situations during the fall and winter. Unstable (stable) conditions are associated with weaker (stronger) vertical wind shear. Wind technical resource, accounting for atmospheric stability and air density distribution, is 725 GW between 0–35 m, 980 GW for 0–50 m, 1.3 TW for 0–100 m and 7.2 TW for the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Resources might vary from 2 to 23% according to the chosen turbine. Magnitudes are 20% lower than previous estimates that considered neutral atmosphere conditions. Strong winds are observed on the north (AP, PA), northeast (MA, PI, CE, RN), southeast (ES, RJ) and southern states (SC, RS). There is significant seasonal complementarity between the north and northeast shelves. When accounting for shelf area, the largest integrated resource is located on the north shelf between 0–20 m. Significant resources are also found in the south for deeper waters.

Suggested Citation

  • Felipe M. Pimenta & Allan R. Silva & Arcilan T. Assireu & Vinicio de S. e Almeida & Osvaldo R. Saavedra, 2019. "Brazil Offshore Wind Resources and Atmospheric Surface Layer Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:21:p:4195-:d:283196
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charlotte Bay Hasager, 2014. "Offshore winds mapped from satellite remote sensing," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 3(6), pages 594-603, November.
    2. Dhanju, Amardeep & Whitaker, Phillip & Kempton, Willett, 2008. "Assessing offshore wind resources: An accessible methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 55-64.
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    4. Pimenta, Felipe & Kempton, Willett & Garvine, Richard, 2008. "Combining meteorological stations and satellite data to evaluate the offshore wind power resource of Southeastern Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2375-2387.
    5. De Decker, Jan & Woyte, Achim, 2013. "Review of the various proposals for the European offshore grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 58-62.
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    Cited by:

    1. de Assis Tavares, Luiz Filipe & Shadman, Milad & Assad, Luiz Paulo de Freitas & Estefen, Segen F., 2022. "Influence of the WRF model and atmospheric reanalysis on the offshore wind resource potential and cost estimation: A case study for Rio de Janeiro State," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    2. C, O. Mauricio Hernandez & Shadman, Milad & Amiri, Mojtaba Maali & Silva, Corbiniano & Estefen, Segen F. & La Rovere, Emilio, 2021. "Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Felipe M. Pimenta & Osvaldo R. Saavedra & Denisson Q. Oliveira & Arcilan T. Assireu & Audálio R. Torres Júnior & Ramon M. de Freitas & Francisco L. Albuquerque Neto & Denivaldo C. P. Lopes & Clóvis B., 2023. "Characterization of Wind Resources of the East Coast of Maranhão, Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-42, July.
    4. Italo Fernandes & Felipe M. Pimenta & Osvaldo R. Saavedra & Arcilan T. Assireu, 2022. "Exploring the Complementarity of Offshore Wind Sites to Reduce the Seasonal Variability of Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, September.
    5. Nezhad, M. Majidi & Neshat, M. & Heydari, A. & Razmjoo, A. & Piras, G. & Garcia, D. Astiaso, 2021. "A new methodology for offshore wind speed assessment integrating Sentinel-1, ERA-Interim and in-situ measurement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1301-1313.
    6. César Henrique Mattos Pires & Felipe M. Pimenta & Carla A. D'Aquino & Osvaldo R. Saavedra & Xuerui Mao & Arcilan T. Assireu, 2020. "Coastal Wind Power in Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-23, October.
    7. de Assis Tavares, Luiz Filipe & Shadman, Milad & de Freitas Assad, Luiz Paulo & Silva, Corbiniano & Landau, Luiz & Estefen, Segen F., 2020. "Assessment of the offshore wind technical potential for the Brazilian Southeast and South regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    8. Vinhoza, Amanda & Schaeffer, Roberto, 2021. "Brazil's offshore wind energy potential assessment based on a Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    9. Milad Shadman & Mateo Roldan-Carvajal & Fabian G. Pierart & Pablo Alejandro Haim & Rodrigo Alonso & Corbiniano Silva & Andrés F. Osorio & Nathalie Almonacid & Griselda Carreras & Mojtaba Maali Amiri &, 2023. "A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-34, January.
    10. Arcilan T. Assireu & Felipe M. Pimenta & Ramon M. de Freitas & Osvaldo R. Saavedra & Francisco L. A. Neto & Audálio R. Torres Júnior & Clóvis B. M. Oliveira & Denivaldo C. P. Lopes & Shigeaki L. de Li, 2022. "EOSOLAR Project: Assessment of Wind Resources of a Coastal Equatorial Region of Brazil—Overview and Preliminary Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.

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