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Comparative economic analysis of low frequency AC transmission system for the integration of large offshore wind farms

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  • Meng, Yongqing
  • Yan, Shuhao
  • Wu, Kang
  • Ning, Lianhui
  • Li, Xuan
  • Wang, Xiuli
  • Wang, Xifan

Abstract

To fully extract the potential of offshore wind power, the wind farms are built further from mainland and the capacity is growing larger. Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission System is a promising solution to the integration of large offshore wind farms in long distance. This paper conducts a comparative economic analysis of LFAC. Compared to 50 Hz High Voltage AC (HVAC) transmission, LFAC can reduce charging current in AC cables to enhance the transmission ability in long distance. Compared to High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission, LFAC eliminates the large expense of offshore converter station. In addition, the topologies of AC/AC converter in LFAC also influences the economic performance significantly. By designing typical AC/AC converters based on modular multilevel technique in a unified way, this paper performs a full-scale economic comparison in different voltage level, active power and reactive power cases. Furthermore, the economic comparison based on capital cost of HVAC, HVDC and LFAC is comprehensively studied considering different transmission capacity and the AC/AC converter topologies. The economic range of HVAC, LFAC and HVDC application is obtained, and results show that LFAC is suitable for medium distance circumstances (around 80–200 km). The economic range of LFAC expands when power rating increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Meng, Yongqing & Yan, Shuhao & Wu, Kang & Ning, Lianhui & Li, Xuan & Wang, Xiuli & Wang, Xifan, 2021. "Comparative economic analysis of low frequency AC transmission system for the integration of large offshore wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1955-1968.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:179:y:2021:i:c:p:1955-1968
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ruddy, Jonathan & Meere, Ronan & O’Donnell, Terence, 2016. "Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 75-86.
    2. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Rogers, Daniel J. & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E. & Liang, Jun & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2012. "Effect of non-standard operating frequencies on the economic cost of offshore AC networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 267-280.
    3. Alassi, Abdulrahman & Bañales, Santiago & Ellabban, Omar & Adam, Grain & MacIver, Callum, 2019. "HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 530-554.
    4. Dicorato, M. & Forte, G. & Pisani, M. & Trovato, M., 2011. "Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2043-2051.
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    4. Jiang, Sufan & Wu, Chuanshen & Gao, Shan & Pan, Guangsheng & Liu, Yu & Zhao, Xin & Wang, Sicheng, 2022. "Robust frequency risk-constrained unit commitment model for AC-DC system considering wind uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 395-406.

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