IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jrpoli/v86y2023ipbs0301420723009479.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Natural resources perspective of economic performance: Streamlining mineral resources as a path to sustainable development

Author

Listed:
  • Luo, Guibin
  • Zheng, Li
  • Zeng, Queling

Abstract

In the scholarly discussion concerning the significance of natural resources in economic development, particularly in the era of digitalization, the data is still inconclusive. The present study focuses on the impact of digitalization and natural resource components on China's economic output. Using the expanded dataset from 1987 to 2022, this analysis also takes the effects of trade and energy efficiency into account. Due to the mixed order of integration, this research employs the ARDL bound testing technique to check the equilibrium condition between the variables in both the short-run and long-run. The result of the effect demonstrates that commerce and energy efficiency are significant long- and short-term contributors to China's economic production. But digitization is the primary impediment to achieving continuous economic development. On the other hand, it has been discovered that the influence of natural resources (mineral and natural gas rentals) is notably favorable in the short run but changes to a negative state over time. Such impact helps to explain China's resource curse. The long-term robustness of these estimates is supported by four robust estimators. The causality analysis revealed a significant unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationship between the variables. Based on the empirical data, this study suggests a variety of policies that might help the country achieve sustainable economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Luo, Guibin & Zheng, Li & Zeng, Queling, 2023. "Natural resources perspective of economic performance: Streamlining mineral resources as a path to sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:86:y:2023:i:pb:s0301420723009479
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104236
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420723009479
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104236?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brunnschweiler, Christa N. & Bulte, Erwin H., 2008. "The resource curse revisited and revised: A tale of paradoxes and red herrings," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 248-264, May.
    2. George Owusu-Antwi & Dwobeng Owusu Nyamekye & Patrick Ofei & Frederick A. Aikens, 2019. "Foreign Direct Investment: Is Natural Resources the Rejoin? Evidence from Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo: Fixed Effect Approach," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 588-606, December.
    3. Zhang, Dongyang & Du, Pengcheng & Chen, Yaowen, 2019. "Can designed financial systems drive out highly polluting firms? An evaluation of an experimental economic policy," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    4. Xu, Yong & Li, Shanshan & Zhou, Xiaoxiao & Shahzad, Umer & Zhao, Xin, 2022. "How environmental regulations affect the development of green finance: Recent evidence from polluting firms in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 917-926.
    5. Nicholas Bloom & Charles I. Jones & John Van Reenen & Michael Webb, 2020. "Are Ideas Getting Harder to Find?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(4), pages 1104-1144, April.
    6. Zhang, Dongyang & Guo, Yumei, 2019. "Financing R&D in Chinese private firms: Business associations or political connection?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 247-261.
    7. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    8. Huang, Xinpeng & Meng, Fanshi, 2023. "Digital finance mitigation of ' resource curse ' effect: Evidence from resource-based cities in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    9. Fleming, David A. & Measham, Thomas G. & Paredes, Dusan, 2015. "Understanding the resource curse (or blessing) across national and regional scales: Theory, empirical challenges and an application," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 59(4), October.
    10. Kuralbayeva, Karlygash & Stefanski, Radoslaw, 2013. "Windfalls, structural transformation and specialization," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(2), pages 273-301.
    11. Havranek, Tomas & Horvath, Roman & Zeynalov, Ayaz, 2016. "Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 134-151.
    12. Thorvaldur Gylfason & Gylfi Zoega, 2006. "Natural Resources and Economic Growth: The Role of Investment," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 1091-1115, August.
    13. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad & Ahad, Muhammad & Tahir, Iqbal, 2018. "Is natural resource abundance a stimulus for financial development in the USA?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 223-232.
    14. Bernardina Algieri, 2011. "The Dutch Disease: evidences from Russia," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 243-277, August.
    15. Smith, Brock, 2015. "The resource curse exorcised: Evidence from a panel of countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 57-73.
    16. Cosimo Beverelli & Salvatore Dell’Erba & Nadia Rocha, 2011. "Dutch disease revisited. Oil discoveries and movements of the real exchange rate when manufacturing is resource-intensive," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 139-153, June.
    17. Sachs, J-D & Warner, A-M, 1995. "Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth," Papers 517a, Harvard - Institute for International Development.
    18. Corden, W M, 1984. "Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 36(3), pages 359-380, November.
    19. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Clark, Jeremy, 2017. "The evolution of the natural resource curse thesis: A critical literature survey," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 123-134.
    20. World Bank, 2011. "The Changing Wealth of Nations : Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2252, December.
    21. Rafindadi, Abdulkadir Abdulrashid & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2016. "Effects of financial development, economic growth and trade on electricity consumption: Evidence from post-Fukushima Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1073-1084.
    22. Zheng, Li & Yuan, Ling & Khan, Zeeshan & Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Zhang, Leilei, 2023. "How G-7 countries are paving the way for net-zero emissions through energy efficient ecosystem?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    23. Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2019. "Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(2), pages 3-30, Spring.
    24. Khan, Zeeshan & Ali, Shahid & Dong, Kangyin & Li, Rita Yi Man, 2021. "How does fiscal decentralization affect CO2 emissions? The roles of institutions and human capital," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    25. Krugman, Paul, 1980. "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(5), pages 950-959, December.
    26. Michael Alexeev & Robert Conrad, 2009. "The Elusive Curse of Oil," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 91(3), pages 586-598, August.
    27. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    28. Dani Rodrik, 2016. "Premature deindustrialization," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-33, March.
    29. Savranlar, Buket & Atay Polat, Melike & Aslan, Alper, 2023. "What are the mistakes we think are correct about the ‘Natural resource curse’ hypothesis? New insights from quantile regressions via method of moments for EU," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    30. Ji, Xiangfeng & Song, Tianyu & Umar, Muhammad & Safi, Adnan, 2023. "How China is mitigating resource curse through infrastructural development?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    31. David H. Romer & Jeffrey A. Frankel, 1999. "Does Trade Cause Growth?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 379-399, June.
    32. Li, Zongyun & Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas & Rubbaniy, Ghulame & Umar, Muhammad, 2021. "Understanding the dynamics of resource curse in G7 countries: The role of natural resource rents and the three facets of financial development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    33. Frankel, Jeffrey A., 2010. "The Natural Resource Curse: A Survey," Scholarly Articles 4454156, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    34. Amiri, Hossein & Samadian, Farzaneh & Yahoo, Masoud & Jamali, Seyed Jafar, 2019. "Natural resource abundance, institutional quality and manufacturing development: Evidence from resource-rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 550-560.
    35. Castellacci, Fulvio & Tveito, Vegard, 2018. "Internet use and well-being: A survey and a theoretical framework," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 308-325.
    36. Zheng, Li & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Salem, Sultan & Irfan, Muhammad & Alvarado, Rafael & Lv, Kangjuan, 2022. "How technological innovation and institutional quality affect sectoral energy consumption in Pakistan? Fresh policy insights from novel econometric approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    37. Nuno Torres & Óscar Afonso & Isabel Soares, 2013. "A survey of literature on the resource curse: critical analysis of the main explanations, empirical tests and resource proxies," CEF.UP Working Papers 1302, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    38. Peter Boswijk, H., 1994. "Testing for an unstable root in conditional and structural error correction models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 37-60, July.
    39. Mensi, Walid & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Hkiri, Besma & Hamed Al Yahyaee, Khamis, 2019. "Long-run relationships between US financial credit markets and risk factors: Evidence from the quantile ARDL approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 101-110.
    40. Long Qian & Xiaolin Xu & Yunjie Zhou & Ying Sun & Duoliang Ma, 2023. "Carbon Emission Reduction Effects of the Smart City Pilot Policy in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, March.
    41. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    42. Anthony J. Venables, 2016. "Using Natural Resources for Development: Why Has It Proven So Difficult?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(1), pages 161-184, Winter.
    43. Bulte Erwin & Damania Richard, 2008. "Resources for Sale: Corruption, Democracy and the Natural Resource Curse," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-30, February.
    44. Ren, Siyu & Hao, Yu & Xu, Lu & Wu, Haitao & Ba, Ning, 2021. "Digitalization and energy: How does internet development affect China's energy consumption?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    45. Li, Tianyu & Umar, Muhammad & Mirza, Nawazish & Yue, Xiao-Guang, 2023. "Green financing and resources utilization: A story of N-11 economies in the climate change era," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1174-1184.
    46. Shahzad, Umer & Gupta, Mansi & Sharma, Gagan Deep & Rao, Amar & Chopra, Ritika, 2022. "Resolving energy poverty for social change: Research directions and agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    47. Wang, Yang & Cao, Xinbang & Sui, Xiuping & Zhao, Wenxi, 2019. "How do black swan events go global? -Evidence from US reserves effects on TOCOM gold futures prices," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    48. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    49. Thorvaldur Gylfason, 2006. "Natural Resources and Economic Growth: From Dependence to Diversification," Springer Books, in: Harry G. Broadman & Tiiu Paas & Paul J.J. Welfens (ed.), Economic Liberalization and Integration Policy, pages 201-231, Springer.
    50. Ragnar Torvik, 2009. "Why do some resource-abundant countries succeed while others do not?," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 25(2), pages 241-256, Summer.
    51. Kutan, Ali M. & Wyzan, Michael L., 2005. "Explaining the real exchange rate in Kazakhstan, 1996-2003: Is Kazakhstan vulnerable to the Dutch disease?," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 242-255, June.
    52. Zhang, Dongyang & Guo, Yumei & Wang, Zhaorui & Chen, Yanbin, 2020. "The impact of US monetary policy on Chinese enterprises’ R&D investment," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    53. Tilman Santarius & Johanna Pohl & Steffen Lange, 2020. "Digitalization and the Decoupling Debate: Can ICT Help to Reduce Environmental Impacts While the Economy Keeps Growing?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    54. George Owusu-Antwi & Dwobeng Owusu Nyamekye & Patrick Ofei & Frederick A Aikens, 2019. "Foreign Direct Investment: Is Natural Resources the Rejoin? Evidence from Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo: Fixed Effect Approach," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 588-606.
    55. David Ricardo, 2005. "From The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Guang-Zhen Sun (ed.), Readings In The Economics Of The Division Of Labor The Classical Tradition, chapter 14, pages 127-130, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    56. Chen, Fei-fei & Wang, Qiu-Su & Umar, Muhammad & Zheng, Liya, 2023. "Towards sustainable resource management: The role of governance, natural resource rent and energy productivity," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    57. Paolo Mauro, 1995. "Corruption and Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(3), pages 681-712.
    58. World Bank Group, 2016. "World Development Report 2016 [Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2016]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 23347, December.
    59. Wadim Strielkowski & Elena Volkova & Luidmila Pushkareva & Dalia Streimikiene, 2019. "Innovative Policies for Energy Efficiency and the Use of Renewables in Households," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, April.
    60. Ismail O Fasanya & Adegbemi B O Onakoya & Misbaudeen A Adabanija, 2013. "Oil Discovery and Sectoral Performance in Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Dutch Disease," The IUP Journal of Applied Economics, IUP Publications, vol. 0(2), pages 25-40, April.
    61. Corden, W Max & Neary, J Peter, 1982. "Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 92(368), pages 825-848, December.
    62. Nicolás Magud & Sebastián Sosa, 2013. "When And Why Worry About Real Exchange Rate Appreciation? The Missing Link Between Dutch Disease And Growth," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(02), pages 1-27.
    63. Anca M. Cotet & Kevin K. Tsui, 2013. "Oil, Growth, and Health: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 115(4), pages 1107-1137, October.
    64. Khan, Zeeshan & Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Zhang, Changyong, 2023. "Aggregate and disaggregate impact of natural resources on economic performance: Role of green growth and human capital," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    65. Alessandro Fontana & Andrea Barni & Deborah Leone & Maurizio Spirito & Agata Tringale & Matteo Ferraris & Joao Reis & Gil Goncalves, 2021. "Circular Economy Strategies for Equipment Lifetime Extension: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-28, January.
    66. Khan, Zeeshan & Hussain, Muzzammil & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Yang, Siqun & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Natural resource abundance, technological innovation, and human capital nexus with financial development: A case study of China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    67. Yang, Jinxuan & Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas & Tan, Zhixiong & Umar, Muhammad & Koondhar, Mansoor Ahmed, 2021. "The competing role of natural gas and oil as fossil fuel and the non-linear dynamics of resource curse in Russia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ramez Abubakr Badeeb & Jeremy Clark & Abey P. Philip, 2021. "The Nonlinear Effects of Oil Rent Dependence on Malaysian Manufacturing: Implications from Structural Change using a Markov-Regime Switching Model," Working Papers in Economics 21/11, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    2. Liang, Huijun & Shi, Changkuan & Abid, Nabila & Yu, Yanliang, 2023. "Are digitalization and human development discarding the resource curse in emerging economies?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    3. Yilanci, Veli & Aslan, Murat & Ozgur, Onder, 2021. "Disaggregated analysis of the curse of natural resources in most natural resource-abundant countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    4. Guo, Yani & Zheng, Haixia & Zeng, Yun & Fan, Wei & Albahooth, Bayan & Bhuiyan, Rubaiyat Ahsan, 2023. "Natural resources extraction of RCEP trade bloc: Examining geopolitical risk and economic situation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    5. Zheng, Zhun & Lisovskiy, Alexander & Vasa, László & Strielkowski, Wadim & Yang, Yanwu, 2023. "Resources curse and sustainable development perspective: Fresh evidence from oil rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    6. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Szulczyk, Kenneth R. & Lean, Hooi Hooi, 2021. "Asymmetries in the effect of oil rent shocks on economic growth: A sectoral analysis from the perspective of the oil curse," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    7. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Clark, Jeremy, 2017. "The evolution of the natural resource curse thesis: A critical literature survey," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 123-134.
    8. Ben-Salha, Ousama & Dachraoui, Hajer & Sebri, Maamar, 2021. "Natural resource rents and economic growth in the top resource-abundant countries: A PMG estimation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    9. Pérez, Claudia & Claveria, Oscar, 2020. "Natural resources and human development: Evidence from mineral-dependent African countries using exploratory graphical analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. Boire, Sidiki & Nell, Kevin S., 2021. "The enclave hypothesis and Dutch disease effect: A critical appraisal of Mali's gold mining industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    11. Cheng, Zhonghua & Li, Lianshui & Liu, Jun, 2020. "Natural resource abundance, resource industry dependence and economic green growth in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    12. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2020. "Are too many natural resources to blame for the shape of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in resource-based economies?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    13. Adnan Ali & Suresh Ramakrishnan & Faisal Faisal & Tooba Akram & Sidra Salam & Sami Ur Rahman, 2023. "Bibliometric analysis of finance and natural resources: past trend, current development, and future prospects," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 13035-13064, November.
    14. Ewodo-Amougou, Marcel Rodrigue & Sapnken, Flavian Emmanuel & Mfetoum, Inoussah Moungnutou & Tamba, Jean Gaston, 2023. "Analysis of the relationship between oil rent and crude oil production in Cameroon: Evidence from ARDL and NARDL models," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    15. Alssadek, Marwan & Benhin, James, 2023. "Natural resource curse: A literature survey and comparative assessment of regional groupings of oil-rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    16. Ali, Adnan & Ramakrishnan, Suresh & Faisal,, 2022. "Financial development and natural resources. Is there a stock market resource curse?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad & Ahad, Muhammad & Tahir, Iqbal, 2018. "Is natural resource abundance a stimulus for financial development in the USA?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 223-232.
    18. Lotfalipour, Mohammad Reza & sargolzaie, Ali & Salehnia, Narges, 2022. "Natural resources: A curse on welfare?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    19. Gokmenoglu, Korhan K. & Rustamov, Bezhan, 2022. "The role of the natural resource abundance in the short and long run: The case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    20. Wang, Jia & Tian, Guixian, 2023. "Driver or a Barrier to the Economy: Natural Resources a blessing or a curse for Developed Economies?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:86:y:2023:i:pb:s0301420723009479. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30467 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.