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Beyond the basics: Access and equity in the expansion of post-compulsory schooling in Vietnam

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  • Rolleston, Caine
  • Iyer, Padmini

Abstract

Human capital development, including the expansion and improvement of schooling, has played a crucial role in Vietnam’s strong and relatively inclusive economic growth in recent years. Universal access to primary and lower secondary education have been achieved, but progression to upper secondary remains, for the most part, rationed by entrance examinations and the payment of fees. Both supply and access have improved strongly at upper secondary level since the 1990s, in line with rising demand for higher skilled school-leavers. However, it is less clear whether access to upper secondary schooling, and its wider social and economic benefits, is provided equitably. In this paper we employ a unique longitudinal dataset to examine the patterns of both access and attainment in upper secondary education in Vietnam. We consider their implications for equitable educational progression and the extent to which, in light of these patterns, the system can be described as meritocratic.

Suggested Citation

  • Rolleston, Caine & Iyer, Padmini, 2019. "Beyond the basics: Access and equity in the expansion of post-compulsory schooling in Vietnam," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 223-233.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:66:y:2019:i:c:p:223-233
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.09.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Dang, Hai-Anh H & Glewwe, Paul & Vu, Khoa & Lee, Jongwook, 2021. "What Explains Vietnam's Exceptional Performance in Education Relative to Other Countries? Analysis of the 2012 and 2015 Pisa Data," IZA Discussion Papers 14315, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    Cited by:

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    2. Marshall, Lydia & Moore, Rhiannon, 2022. "Does school effectiveness differentially benefit boys and girls? Evidence from Ethiopia, India and Vietnam," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Thanh-Hang Pham & Trung Tran & Thu-Trang Vuong & Nguyen Manh Cuong & Nguyen Phuc Khanh Linh & Viet-Phuong La & Manh Toan Ho, 2020. "STEM education and outcomes in Vietnam: Views from the social gap and gender issues," Working Papers CEB 20-003, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. , 2020. "STEM education and outcomes in Vietnam: Views from the social gap and gender issues," OSF Preprints unfa2_v1, Center for Open Science.
    5. Bui, Tuan Anh & Nguyen, Cuong Viet & Nguyen, Khuong Duc & Nguyen, Ha Hong & Pham, Phuong Thu, 2020. "The effect of tuition fee reduction and education subsidy on school enrollment: Evidence from Vietnam," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    6. , 2020. "STEM education and outcomes in Vietnam: Views from the social gap and gender issues," SocArXiv cjz6f_v1, Center for Open Science.
    7. Wu, Hanbo, 2025. "How Do Positive and Negative Shocks Jointly Shape Educational and Labor Market Outcomes? The Case of Education Reforms in Vietnam," SocArXiv 2km56_v1, Center for Open Science.

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