Does gender equality matter in the mitigation of CO2 emissions? An OECD country analysis

Grounded in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, the analysis explores the implications of gender disparities for environmental impact. Traditionally, the literature on environmental impact of emissions is assessed without incorporating a gendered perspective. This study investigates the extent to which gender inequality influences emissions levels in OECD countries and moderates the relationship between broader social inequalities and environmental outcomes. Utilizing a newly constructed dataset encompassing 29 OECD countries over the period 2014–2019, the study integrates indicators of gender, income, and wealth inequality with data on emissions and resource use. The findings reveal that increasing concentrations of wealth and income pose significant barriers to achieving gender equality, with substantial environmental consequences. While aggregate models may not consistently reflect this relationship, evidence from specific countries highlights the self-reinforcing nature of gender inequality. The results entail relevant policy implications emphasizing the potential for dual benefits of addressing both inequalities from targeted public policies, advancing social equity while enhancing climate action. Tackling these interconnections can unlock opportunities for a more sustainable and equitable future, fostering synergies between justice and environmental sustainability.