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Carbon emissions, income inequality and environmental degradation: the case of Mediterranean countries

Author

Listed:
  • Fateh Belaïd

    (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Sabri Boubaker

    (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel, Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School)

  • Rajwane Kafrouni

    (Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines)

Abstract

This study examines the main driving forces affecting short- and long-term CO2 emissions pattern due to changes in growth and income inequality for 11 Mediterranean economies over the period 1990—2012. It proposes an autoregressive dynamic distributive lag dynamic panel specification to (i) test for non-linearity between income inequality and CO2 emissions, (ii) assess whether there is a differentiated effect of income inequality on CEO2 emissions depending on the level of GDP, and (iii) test for other sources of non-linearity between income inequality and CO2 emissions. The results indicate a negative and significant association between income inequality and carbon emissions which means that greater inequality leads to environmental degradation. However, in the short-run, the results show a positive and significant relationship between the income inequality and CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Fateh Belaïd & Sabri Boubaker & Rajwane Kafrouni, 2020. "Carbon emissions, income inequality and environmental degradation: the case of Mediterranean countries," Post-Print hal-03272659, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03272659
    DOI: 10.25428/1824-2979/202001-73-102
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    Cited by:

    1. Gaies, Brahim & Nakhli, Mohamed Sahbi & Sahut, Jean-Michel, 2022. "What are the effects of economic globalization on CO2 emissions in MENA countries?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    2. BELAÏD, Fateh & Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Omri, Anis, 2021. "Key drivers of renewable energy deployment in the MENA Region: Empirical evidence using panel quantile regression," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 225-238.
    3. Geng, Yaxin & Rao, Pinyang & Sharif, Arshian, 2022. "Natural resource management and ecological sustainability: Dynamic role of social disparity and human development in G10 Economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Sun, Yunpeng & Tian, Wenjuan & Mehmood, Usman & Zhang, Xiaoyu & Tariq, Salman, 2023. "How do natural resources, urbanization, and institutional quality meet with ecological footprints in the presence of income inequality and human capital in the next eleven countries?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    5. Laura Onofri & Anil Markandya, 2024. "Computing the social costs of carbon through Coase bargaining in the context of an offsetting program in the Venetian lagoon," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Kopp, Thomas & Nabernegg, Markus, 2022. "Inequality and Environmental Impact – Can the Two Be Reduced Jointly?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    7. Mekki Hamdaoui & SaifEddine Ayouni & Samir Maktouf, 2022. "Financial crises: explanation, prediction, and interdependence," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(8), pages 1-52, August.
    8. Hou, Aoyu & Liu, Ao & Chai, Li, 2024. "Does reducing income inequality promote the decoupling of economic growth from carbon footprint?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Wan, Guanghua & Wang, Chen & Wang, Jinxian & Zhang, Xun, 2022. "The income inequality-CO2 emissions nexus: Transmission mechanisms," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    10. Fateh Belaîd & Sofien Tiba, 2023. "Repercussions the Covid-19 Pandemic on the SDGs Achievement: Is it a New Era for the Development?," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 35(1), pages 138-147, February.
    11. Omri, Anis & Omri, Henda & Slimani, Sana & Belaid, Fateh, 2022. "Environmental degradation and life satisfaction: Do governance and renewable energy matter?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    12. Kemal Erkisi, 2024. "Income inequality and CO2 emissions nexus: A long-run analysis for Turkey," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2024(1), pages 171-191.
    13. Obadiah Jonathan Gimba & Abdulkareem Alhassan & Huseyin Ozdeser & Wafa Ghardallou & Mehdi Seraj & Ojonugwa Usman, 2023. "Towards low carbon and sustainable environment: does income inequality mitigate ecological footprints in Sub-Saharan Africa?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 10425-10445, September.
    14. Sofien Tiba & Fateh Belaid, 2021. "Modeling The Nexus Between Sustainable Development And Renewable Energy: The African Perspectives," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(1), pages 307-329, February.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C2 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics
    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics

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