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Environmental Governance and Gender Inclusivity: Analyzing the Interplay of PM2.5 and Women’s Representation in Political Leadership in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Matheus Koengkan

    (University of Coimbra Institute for Legal Research (UCILeR), University of Coimbra, 3000-018 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • José Alberto Fuinhas

    (Faculty of Economics, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Anna Auza

    (Faculty of Economics, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Daniela Castilho

    (Faculty of Economics, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Volkan Kaymaz

    (Faculty of Economics, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
    Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey)

Abstract

This research addresses a critical gap in the literature by establishing a direct correlation between particle pollution from fine particulates (PM2.5) and women’s political participation. It offers a nuanced understanding of gender dynamics in governance and their impact on environmental outcomes. Focusing on 27 European Union (EU) countries from 2013 to 2021, econometric techniques unveil common trends, underscoring cross-sectional dependence. This study reveals distinct gender behaviors in combating pollution, with women in parliaments and regional assemblies notably contributing to pollutant reduction. However, the negative impact of women’s engagement in politics on PM2.5 intensifies the lower part of the representation hierarchy. Policymakers are urged to create conditions fostering women’s political participation, advocating for gender quotas to address underrepresentation. The research emphasizes the interconnectedness of gender, politics, and environmental issues, urging heightened awareness among policymakers. Limitations include a confined scope and duration, requiring cross-validation beyond the EU. Future research pathways involve exploring the intricate connections between gender, politics, and environmental initiatives, seeking thresholds for impactful women’s representation. In contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study aligns with SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), SDG 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), and SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals).

Suggested Citation

  • Matheus Koengkan & José Alberto Fuinhas & Anna Auza & Daniela Castilho & Volkan Kaymaz, 2024. "Environmental Governance and Gender Inclusivity: Analyzing the Interplay of PM2.5 and Women’s Representation in Political Leadership in the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-32, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:2492-:d:1358715
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    References listed on IDEAS

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