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Designing an EU energy and climate policy portfolio for 2030: Implications of overlapping regulation under different levels of electricity demand

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  • Flues, Florens
  • Löschel, Andreas
  • Lutz, Benjamin Johannes
  • Schenker, Oliver

Abstract

The European Union׳s current climate and energy policy has to operate under an ex ante unforeseen economic crisis. As a consequence prices for carbon emission allowances in the EU Emissions Trading System collapsed. However, this price collapse may be amplified by the interaction of a carbon emission cap with supplementary policy targets such as minimum shares for renewables in the power sector. The static interaction between climate and renewable policies has been discussed extensively. This paper extends this debate by analysing the efficiency and effectiveness of a policy portfolio containing a cap and trade scheme and a target for a minimum renewable share in different states of aggregate electricity demand. Making use of a simple partial equilibrium model of the power sector we identify an asymmetric interaction of emissions trading and renewable quotas with respect to different states of aggregate electricity demand. The results imply that unintended consequences of the policy interaction may be particularly severe and costly when aggregate electricity demand is low and that carbon prices are more sensitive to changes in economic activity if they are applied in combination with renewable energy targets. Our analysis of the policy interaction focuses on the EU, yet the conclusions may also be of relevance for fast growing emerging economies like China.

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  • Flues, Florens & Löschel, Andreas & Lutz, Benjamin Johannes & Schenker, Oliver, 2014. "Designing an EU energy and climate policy portfolio for 2030: Implications of overlapping regulation under different levels of electricity demand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 91-99.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:75:y:2014:i:c:p:91-99
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.05.012
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    6. Beccarello, Massimo & Di Foggia, Giacomo, 2023. "Meeting decarbonization targets: Techno-economic insights from the Italian scenario," SocArXiv etu9g_v1, Center for Open Science.
    7. Beccarello, Massimo & Di Foggia, Giacomo, 2023. "Meeting decarbonization targets: Techno-economic insights from the Italian scenario," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 2.
    8. Fabio Zagonari, 2018. "Coherence, Causality, and Effectiveness of the EU Environmental Policy System: Results of Complementary Statistical and Econometric Analyses," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 70(1), pages 1-29, May.
    9. Knopf, Brigitte & Nahmmacher, Paul & Schmid, Eva, 2015. "The European renewable energy target for 2030 – An impact assessment of the electricity sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 50-60.
    10. Gao, Shuai & Smits, Mattijs & Mol, Arthur P.J. & Wang, Can, 2016. "New market mechanism and its implication for carbon reduction in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 221-231.
    11. Gallier, Carlo & Lutz, Benjamin & Brockmann, Karl Ludwig & Dieckhöner, Caroline, 2014. "KfW/ZEW CO2 Barometer 2014 – Carbon Edition: New Phase, Old Problems," KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 109799.
    12. Di Foggia, Giacomo & Beccarello, Massimo, 2024. "European roadmaps to achieving 2030 renewable energy targets," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Karner, K. & Dißauer, C. & Enigl, M. & Strasser, C. & Schmid, E., 2017. "Environmental trade-offs between residential oil-fired and wood pellet heating systems: Forecast scenarios for Austria until 2030," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 868-879.
    14. Fang, Guochang & Lu, Longxi & Tian, Lixin & he, Yu & Yin, Huibo, 2020. "Research on the influence mechanism of carbon trading on new energy—A case study of ESER system for China," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 545(C).
    15. Cosmi, Carmelina & Dvarionenė, Jolanta & Marques, Isabel & Di Leo, Senatro & Gecevičius, Giedrius & Gurauskienė, Inga & Mendes, Gisela & Selada, Catarina, 2015. "A holistic approach to sustainable energy development at regional level: The RENERGY self-assessment methodology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 693-707.
    16. Fischer, Carolyn & Hübler, Michael & Schenker, Oliver, 2021. "More birds than stones – A framework for second-best energy and climate policy adjustments," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    17. Filippo Maria D’Arcangelo & Ilai Levin & Alessia Pagani & Mauro Pisu & Åsa Johansson, 2022. "A framework to decarbonise the economy," OECD Economic Policy Papers 31, OECD Publishing.
    18. Böhringer, Christoph & Keller, Andreas & Bortolamedi, Markus & Rahmeier Seyffarth, Anelise, 2016. "Good things do not always come in threes: On the excess cost of overlapping regulation in EU climate policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 502-508.
    19. Corradini, Massimiliano & Costantini, Valeria & Markandya, Anil & Paglialunga, Elena & Sforna, Giorgia, 2018. "A dynamic assessment of instrument interaction and timing alternatives in the EU low-carbon policy mix design," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 73-84.
    20. del Río, Pablo, 2017. "Why does the combination of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and a renewable energy target makes economic sense?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 824-834.

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