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On the origins of gender gaps in human capital: Short- and long-term consequences of teachers' biases

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Cited by:

  1. Cappelen, Alexander W. & Falch, Ranveig & Tungodden, Bertil, 2019. "The Boy Crisis: Experimental Evidence on the Acceptance of Males Falling Behind," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 6/2019, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics, revised 01 Mar 2019.
  2. Bottazzi, Laura & Lusardi, Annamaria, 2021. "Stereotypes in financial literacy: Evidence from PISA," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  3. Federico Echenique & Anqi Li, 2025. "Rationally Inattentive Statistical Discrimination: Arrow Meets Phelps," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 23(5), pages 1712-1742.
  4. Sofoklis Goulas & Rigissa Megalokonomou & Panagiotis Sotirakopoulos, 2025. "Top-performing girls are more impactful peer role models than boys, teachers say," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122(6), pages 2421436122-, February.
  5. Victor Lavy & Rigissa Megalokonomou, 2024. "Alternative Measures of Teachers’ Value Added and Impact on Short and Long-Term Outcomes: Evidence From Random Assignment," NBER Working Papers 32671, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  6. Daniel Borbely & Jonathan Norris & Agnese Romiti, 2023. "Peer Gender and Schooling: Evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(2), pages 207-249.
  7. Borra, Cristina & Iacovou, Maria & Sevilla, Almudena, 2023. "Adolescent development and the math gender gap," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  8. Briole, Simon, 2021. "Are girls always good for boys? Short and long term effects of school peers’ gender," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  9. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez-Arenas, 2025. "De la cobertura al desempeño: Explorando las brechas de género en el sistema educativo colombiano," Borradores de Economia 1301, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  10. Speer, Jamin D., 2023. "Bye bye Ms. American Sci: Women and the leaky STEM pipeline," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  11. Thomas van Huizen & Madelon Jacobs & Matthijs Oosterveen, 2024. "Teacher bias or measurement error?," Papers 2401.04200, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2025.
  12. Megalokonomou, Rigissa & Vidal-Fernandez, Marian & Yengin, Duygu, 2021. "Underrepresentation of Women in Undergraduate Economics Degrees in Europe: A Comparison with STEM and Business," IZA Policy Papers 175, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  13. Barrios-Fernández, Andrés & Riudavets-Barcons, Marc, 2024. "Teacher value-added and gender gaps in educational outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  14. Dominique Cappelletti & Maria Vittoria Levati & Matteo Ploner, 2022. "Math ability, gender stereotypes about math ability, and educational choices. Combining experimental and survey data," Working Papers 07/2022, University of Verona, Department of Economics.
  15. Japneer Kaur, 2025. "Boys at risk of academic decline? Evidence from a longitudinal study," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2025-016, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
  16. Pauline Charousset & Marion Monnet, 2025. "Gendered Teacher Feedback, Students' Math Performance and Enrollment Outcomes: A Text Mining Approach," Working Papers halshs-03733956, HAL.
  17. Michela Carlana, 2019. "Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers’ Gender Bias," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(3), pages 1163-1224.
  18. Rakshit, Sonali & Sahoo, Soham, 2023. "Biased teachers and gender gap in learning outcomes: Evidence from India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  19. Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Løkken, Sturla Andreas, 2020. "The Final straw: High school dropout for marginal students," MPRA Paper 106265, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  20. Agurto, Marcos & Boisvert, Sandra & Hari, Siddharth & Quevedo, Valeria & Sarangi, Sudipta & Vegas, Susana, 2025. "Signals of aptitude and female STEM career choices," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
  21. Sarah Cattan & Kjell Salvanes & Emma Tominey, 2022. "First Generation Elite: The Role of School Networks," Working Papers 2022-028, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
  22. Jansson, Joakim & Tyrefors, Björn, 2025. "The effect of an anonymous grading reform for male and female university students," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  23. Ferman, Bruno & Fontes, Luiz Felipe, 2020. "Discriminating Behavior: Evidence from teachers’ grading bias," MPRA Paper 100400, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  24. David Card & Ciprian Domnisoru & Seth G. Sanders & Lowell Taylor & Victoria Udalova, 2022. "The Impact of Female Teachers on Female Students' Lifetime Well-Being," NBER Working Papers 30430, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  25. Nguyen, Nhu & Ost, Ben & Qureshi, Javaeria A., 2025. "OK Boomer: Generational differences in teacher quality," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
  26. Angelo Catarina & Reis Ana Balcão, 2025. "Gender Gaps in Different Assessment Systems: The Role of Teacher Gender," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 25(4), pages 1051-1076.
  27. Fumagalli, Laura & Rabe, Birgitta & Burn, Hettie, 2023. "Teacher grade predictions for ethnic minority groups: evidence from England," ISER Working Paper Series 2023-03, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  28. Liwen Chen & Bobby W. Chung & Guanghua Wang, 2023. "Stay-at-Home Peer Mothers and Gender Norms: Short-run Effects on Educational Outcomes," Working Papers 2023-03, University of South Florida, Department of Economics.
  29. Judith M. Delaney & Paul J. Devereux, 2021. "Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence," Working Papers 202103, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
  30. Martin Eckhoff Andresen & Sturla A. Løkken, 2019. "High school dropout for marginal students. Evidence from randomized exam form," Discussion Papers 894, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
  31. Patricia Cortés & Jisoo Hwang & Jessica Pan & Uta Schönberg, 2026. "Gender Norms and the Labor Market," NBER Working Papers 34716, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  32. Bredtmann, Julia & Otten, Sebastian & Vonnahme, Christina, 2024. "Discrimination in grading? Evidence on teachers' evaluation bias towards minority students," Ruhr Economic Papers 1122, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  33. María Cervini-Plá & Alina Machado, 2025. "Gender Performance in Online University Education," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 25-22, Instituto de Economía - IECON.
  34. Burn, Hester & Fumagalli, Laura & Rabe, Birgitta, 2024. "Stereotyping and ethnicity gaps in teacher assigned grades," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  35. Mcnally, Sandra, 2020. "Gender differences in tertiary education: what explains STEM participation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 108232, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  36. Majilla, Tanmoy, 2025. "Shadow education, intra-household financial resource allocation, and educational achievements," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
  37. Morando, Greta & Sen, Sonkurt, 2025. "Teacher Gender Effects on Students’ Socio-Emotional Skills," IZA Discussion Papers 17953, IZA Network @ LISER.
  38. Thomas van Huizen, 2021. "Teacher bias or measurement error bias? Evidence from track recommendations," Working Papers 2113, Utrecht School of Economics.
  39. Nikoloz Kudashvili & Philipp Lergetporer, 2019. "Do Minorities Misrepresent Their Ethnicity to Avoid Discrimination?," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp644, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
  40. Liwen Chen & Bobby Chung & Guanghua Wang, 2022. "Stay-at-Home Peer Mothers and Gender Norms: Short-run Effects on Educational Outcomes," Working Papers 2022-039, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
  41. Machin, Stephen & McNally, Sandra & Ruiz-Valenzuela, Jenifer, 2020. "Entry through the narrow door: The costs of just failing high stakes exams," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
  42. Arenas, Andreu & Calsamiglia, Caterina & Loviglio, Annalisa, 2021. "What is at stake without high-stakes exams? Students’ evaluation and admission to college at the time of COVID-19," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  43. Leo Bao & Difang Huang & Chen Lin, 2026. "Can Artificial Intelligence Improve Gender Equality? Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(1), pages 474-494, January.
  44. Borgonovi, Francesca & Choi, Alvaro & Paccagnella, Marco, 2021. "The evolution of gender gaps in numeracy and literacy between childhood and young adulthood," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  45. Giuliano, Paola, 2020. "Gender and Culture," CEPR Discussion Papers 15185, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  46. Thomas Breda & Julien Grenet & Marion Monnet & Clémentine Van Effenterre, 2023. "How Effective are Female Role Models in Steering Girls Towards STEM? Evidence from French High Schools," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(653), pages 1773-1809.
  47. repec:hal:psewpa:halshs-03733956 is not listed on IDEAS
  48. Mingxing Huang & Hongmei Yi & Scott Rozelle, 2025. "On the origins of gender gaps in education: stereotype as a self-fulfilling prophecy," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 38(2), pages 1-30, June.
  49. Theresa Hübsch & Robert Mahlstedt & Pia Pinger & Sonja Settele & Helene Willadsen, 2026. "Mental Models of High School Success," CESifo Working Paper Series 12497, CESifo.
  50. Xu, Sijia & Shonchoy, Abu S. & Fujii, Tomoki, 2022. "Assessing gender parity in intrahousehold allocation of educational resources: Evidence from Bangladesh," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
  51. Paul Heidhues & Botond KH{o}szegi & Philipp Strack, 2019. "Overconfidence and Prejudice," Papers 1909.08497, arXiv.org.
  52. Thomas Breda & Joyce Sultan Parraud & Lola Touitou, 2024. "Early Gendered Performance Gaps in Math: An Investigation on French Data," PSE Working Papers halshs-04414597, HAL.
  53. Rangvid Beatrice Schindler, 2019. "Gender Discrimination in Exam Grading? Double Evidence from a Natural Experiment and a Field Experiment," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(2), pages 1-23, April.
  54. Bhardwaj, Sakshi & Shonchoy, Abu S., 2024. "Social identity and learning: Adult literacy program in India," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  55. Tsai, Yung-Yu, 2022. "Does undue preference lead to unfairness? The impact of teacher favoritism on teacher treatment and student achievement," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  56. Nguyen, Ha Trong & Brinkman, Sally & Le, Huong Thu & Zubrick, Stephen R. & Mitrou, Francis, 2022. "Gender differences in time allocation contribute to differences in developmental outcomes in children and adolescents," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  57. Shi, Ying & Zhu, Maria, 2023. "“Model minorities” in the classroom? Positive evaluation bias towards Asian students and its consequences," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
  58. Takeshi Murooka & Yuichi Yamamoto, 2021. "Misspecified Bayesian Learning by Strategic Players: First-Order Misspecification and Higher-Order Misspecification," OSIPP Discussion Paper 21E008, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University.
  59. Darya Korlyakova, 2022. "Do Pessimistic Expectations About Discrimination Make Minorities Withdraw Their Effort? Causal Evidence," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp731, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
  60. Marisa Bucheli & Florencia Amábile & Carmen Estrades, 2024. "Gender differences in teachers' assessments and blind test results – evidence from Uruguay," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0324, Department of Economics - dECON.
  61. Stans, Renske A., 2022. "Short-run shock, long-run consequences? The impact of grandparental death on educational outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  62. Raoul van Maarseveen, 2025. "Location and Educational Signals," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 366, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
  63. Eble, Alex & Hu, Feng, 2020. "Child beliefs, societal beliefs, and teacher-student identity match," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  64. Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O.D. & Lopez-Agudo, L.A. & Henriques, C.O., 2021. "Are soft skills conditioned by conflicting factors? A multiobjective programming approach to explore the trade-offs," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 18-40.
  65. Karin Hoisl & Hans Christian Kongsted & Myriam Mariani, 2023. "Lost Marie Curies: Parental Impact on the Probability of Becoming an Inventor," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(3), pages 1714-1738, March.
  66. Leckie, G. & Maragkou, K., 2024. "Tracing the Origins of Gender Bias in Teacher Grades," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2457, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  67. Ferman, Bruno & Fontes, Luiz Felipe, 2022. "Assessing knowledge or classroom behavior? Evidence of teachers’ grading bias," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  68. Ugalde A., Paola, 2025. "Gendered effects of labels on advanced course enrollment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
  69. Victor Lavy & Rigissa Megalokonomou, 2019. "Persistency in Teachers’ Grading Bias and Effects on Longer-Term Outcomes: University Admissions Exams and Choice of Field of Study," NBER Working Papers 26021, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  70. Theresa Huebsch & Robert Mahlstedt & Pia Pinger & Sonja Settele & Helene Willadsen, 2026. "Mental Models of High School Success," CEBI working paper series 26-03, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. The Center for Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI).
  71. Andrea Mangani, 2021. "Media bias against women in music: an empirical analysis of Italian music magazines," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(2), pages 657-676, July.
  72. Terrier, Camille, 2020. "Boys lag behind: How teachers’ gender biases affect student achievement," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  73. Luc & Chen, 2025. "The Causal Impact of Dean's List Recognition on Academic Performance: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design," Papers 2501.09763, arXiv.org.
  74. Chiara Cavaglia & Stephen Machin & Sandra McNally & Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela, 2020. "Gender, achievement, and subject choice in English education," CVER Research Papers 032, Centre for Vocational Education Research.
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