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Early Gendered Performance Gaps in Math: An Investigation on French Data

Author

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  • Thomas Breda

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

  • Joyce Sultan Parraud

    (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

  • Lola Touitou

    (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

Abstract

While there is no gap in math performance at the beginning of Grade 1, a gap in favor of boys appears and widens during the first year of primary school. Using standardized national assessments administered during Grade 1 (CP) to more than 2.5 million pupils in France between 2018 and 2022, we show that this relative drop in girls' performance is observed for all the cohorts and most of the exercises assessed. The greatest drop-off occurs among the best-performing girls at the start of Grade 1 (those in the top 1 % initially). These girls lose an average of nearly 7 percentile ranks at the start of second grade compared with boys in the same initial percentile. The emergence of a gender gap in math performance during Grade 1 is observed across all social categories and family compositions, and throughout the country. Girls lose slightly less ground compared to boys in classes where the top student in math is a girl, and in priority networks public schools (REP or REP+). However, characteristics of the school environment explain only a small part of the overall dynamics, suggesting that girls are losing ground compared to boys in every strata of society.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Breda & Joyce Sultan Parraud & Lola Touitou, 2024. "Early Gendered Performance Gaps in Math: An Investigation on French Data," Institut des Politiques Publiques halshs-04414597, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-04414597
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04414597v2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anne Ardila Brenøe & Ulf Zölitz, 2020. "Exposure to More Female Peers Widens the Gender Gap in STEM Participation," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(4), pages 1009-1054.
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    1. repec:hal:psewpa:halshs-04439217 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Thomas Breda & Joyce Sultan & Parraud Lola Touitou, 2024. "Le décrochage des filles en mathématiques dès le CP : une dynamique diffuse dans la société," Post-Print halshs-04439217, HAL.

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