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Why Is the Teen Birth Rate in the United States So High and Why Does It Matter?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Aaron M. Gamino, 2024. "The impact of juvenile curfews on teenage birth rates," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(7), pages 1528-1545, July.
  2. Pınar Mine Güneş, 2016. "The effects of teenage childbearing on long-term health in the US: a twin-fixed-effects approach," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 891-920, December.
  3. Christian Dustmann & Mikkel Mertz & Anna Okatenko, 2023. "Neighbourhood Gangs, Crime Spillovers and Teenage Motherhood," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(653), pages 1901-1936.
  4. Asker, Erdal & Rees, Daniel I. & Agüero, Jorge, 2025. "Big Sisters and Child Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa," IZA Discussion Papers 17867, IZA Network @ LISER.
  5. Elizabeth Ananat & Anna Gassman-Pines & Christina M. Gibson-Davis, 2013. "Community-Wide Job Loss and Teenage Fertility," NBER Working Papers 19003, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  6. Anna Aizer & Paul Devereux & Kjell Salvanes, 2022. "Grandparents, Moms, or Dads? Why Children of Teen Mothers Do Worse in Life," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 57(6), pages 2012-2047.
  7. Sandner, Malte, 2013. "Effects of Early Childhood Intervention on Maternal Employment, Fertility and Well-Being. Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-516, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
  8. Aiyar, Shekhar & Ebeke, Christian, 2020. "Inequality of opportunity, inequality of income and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  9. Finlay, Jocelyn E., 2021. "Women’s reproductive health and economic activity: A narrative review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  10. Alberto Chong & Marco Gonzalez-Navarro & Dean Karlan & Martín Valdivia, 2020. "Do Information Technologies Improve Teenagers’ Sexual Education? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Colombia," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 371-392.
  11. Jonathan James & S Vujić, 2016. "From High School to the High Chair: Education and Fertility Timing," Department of Economics Working Papers 48/16, University of Bath, Department of Economics.
  12. Shelly Lundberg & Robert A. Pollak, 2013. "Cohabitation and the Uneven Retreat from Marriage in the U.S., 1950-2010," NBER Working Papers 19413, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  13. Cappelli, Federica, 2024. "Unequal contributions to CO2 emissions along the income distribution within and between countries," FEEM Working Papers 341641, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
  14. Koohi, Shiva, 2017. "College prospects and risky behavior among Mexican immigrant youth: The effects of in-state tuition policies on schooling and childbearing," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 162-174.
  15. Tammy Schirle, 2015. "The effect of universal child benefits on labour supply," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 48(2), pages 437-463, May.
  16. Sandner, Malte, 2019. "Effects of early childhood intervention on fertility and maternal employment: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 159-181.
  17. P. Wesley Routon, 2018. "The Probability of Teenage Parenthood: Parental Predictions and Their Accuracy," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 39(4), pages 647-661, December.
  18. Pablo Celhay & Emilio Depetris-Chauvin & María Cristina Riquelme, 2020. "When a Strike Streikes Twice: Massive Student Mobilizations and Teenage," Documentos de Trabajo 550, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
  19. Bloem, Michael D. & Villero, Jesús, 2024. "College opportunity and teen fertility: Evidence from Ser Pilo Paga in Colombia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  20. Fletcher, Jason M. & Polos, Jessica, 2017. "Nonmarital and Teen Fertility," IZA Discussion Papers 10833, IZA Network @ LISER.
  21. Anna Aizer & Paul J. Devereux & Kjell G. Salvanes, 2019. "Grandparents, Mothers, or Fathers? Why Children of Teen Mothers do Worse in Life," Working Papers 201908, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
  22. Mary A. Silles, 2019. "The Labor Market Consequences Of Teenage Childbearing," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 37(4), pages 694-713, October.
  23. Bamvita, Jean-Marie & Larm, Peter & Checknita, Dave & Vitaro, Frank & Tremblay, Richard E. & Côté, Gilles & Hodgins, Sheilagh, 2017. "Childhood predictors of adult psychopathy scores among males followed from age 6 to 33," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 55-65.
  24. James, Jonathan & Vujić, Sunčica, 2019. "From high school to the high chair: Education and fertility timing," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-24.
  25. Brad R. Humphreys & Jane Ruseski, 2014. "Adolescent Steroid Use and Intercollegiate Athletic Incentives," Working Papers 14-25, Department of Economics, West Virginia University.
  26. Paula Fomby & Laurie James-Hawkins & Stefanie Mollborn, 2015. "Family Resources in Two Generations and School Readiness Among Children of Teen Parents," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 34(5), pages 733-759, October.
  27. Elizabeth Ananat & Anna Gassman-Pines & Christina Gibson-Davis, 2013. "Community-Wide Job Loss and Teenage Fertility: Evidence From North Carolina," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(6), pages 2151-2171, December.
  28. Celhay, Pablo A. & Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio & Riquelme, Cristina, 2024. "When a strike strikes twice: Massive student mobilizations and teenage pregnancy in Chile," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  29. Joyce N Mumah & Stephen Mulupi & Yohannes D Wado & Boniface A Ushie & Deladem Nai & Caroline W Kabiru & Chimaraoke O Izugbara, 2020. "Adolescents’ narratives of coping with unintended pregnancy in Nairobi’s informal settlements," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, October.
  30. Gunes, Pinar Mine & Tsaneva, Magda, 2020. "The effects of teenage childbearing on education, physical health, and mental distress: evidence from Mexico," Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 86(2), pages 183-206, June.
  31. Grönqvist, Hans & Hall, Caroline, 2013. "Education policy and early fertility: Lessons from an expansion of upper secondary schooling," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 13-33.
  32. Heiland, Frank & Korenman, Sanders & Smith, Rachel A., 2019. "Estimating the educational consequences of teenage childbearing: Identification, heterogeneous effects and the value of biological relationship information," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 15-28.
  33. Maxim N. Massenkoff & Evan K. Rose, 2022. "Family Formation and Crime," NBER Working Papers 30385, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  34. Anna Adamecz-Völgyi & Ágota Scharle, 2020. "Books or babies? The incapacitation effect of schooling on minority women," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 33(4), pages 1219-1261, October.
  35. Andrew L. Owen, 2022. "The Fracking Boom, Labor Structure, and Adolescent Fertility," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(5), pages 2211-2231, October.
  36. Anand, Priyanka & Kahn, Lisa B., 2024. "The effect of a peer’s teen pregnancy on sexual behavior," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
  37. Seshadri, Ananth & Zhou, Anson, 2022. "Intergenerational mobility begins before birth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 1-20.
  38. Pinar Gunes & Magda Tsaneva, 2016. "The Effects of Early Pregnancy on Education, Physical Health and Mental Distress: Evidence from Mexico," Working Papers 2016-14, University of Alberta, Department of Economics.
  39. Robert Cherry & Chun Wang, 2015. "Labor Market Conditions and US Teen Birth Rates, 2001–2009," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 408-420, September.
  40. Heflin, Colleen & Kukla-Acevedo, Sharon & Darolia, Rajeev, 2019. "Adolescent food insecurity and risky behaviors and mental health during the transition to adulthood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 1-1.
  41. Shawn Fremstad, 2012. "Married … without Means: Poverty and Economic Hardship Among Married Americans," CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs 2012-26, Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR).
  42. Devon Gorry, 2019. "Heterogeneous Consequences of Teenage Childbearing," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(6), pages 2147-2168, December.
  43. Kocharkov, Georgi & Mellert, Jan & Filote, Andra, 2015. "Teenage Childbearing and the Welfare State," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 113116, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  44. Giovanni Bernardo & Giuseppe Cinquegrana & Giovanni Fosco, 2023. "Teenage parenthood, circumstances and educational mobility of children," Discussion Papers 2023/289, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
  45. Jane Leber Herr, 2016. "Measuring the effect of the timing of first birth on wages," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 29(1), pages 39-72, January.
  46. Luca, Dara Lee & Stevens, Jack & Rotz, Dana & Goesling, Brian & Lutz, Robyn, 2021. "Evaluating teen options for preventing pregnancy: Impacts and mechanisms," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  47. Melissa S. Kearney & Phillip B. Levine, 2015. "Media Influences on Social Outcomes: The Impact of MTV's 16 and Pregnant on Teen Childbearing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(12), pages 3597-3632, December.
  48. John Tomkinson, 2019. "Age at first birth and subsequent fertility: The case of adolescent mothers in France and England and Wales," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 40(27), pages 761-798.
  49. Federica Cappelli, 2024. "Unequal contributions to CO2 emissions along the income distribution within and between countries," Working Papers 2024.06, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
  50. Komlos, John & Schubert, Hermann, 2019. "Les origines du triomphe de Donald Trump," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 26.
  51. doctorants Ined, 2015. "Actes de la Journée Doctorale de l’Ined - 2015," Working Papers 219, Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
  52. Richard K. Green & Gary Painter & Michelle J. White, 2012. "Measuring the Benefits of Homeowning: Effects on Children Redux," Working Paper 9102, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
  53. Paula England & Lawrence Wu & Emily Shafer, 2013. "Cohort Trends in Premarital First Births: What Role for the Retreat From Marriage?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(6), pages 2075-2104, December.
  54. Minghao Li & Stephan J. Goetz & Bruce Weber, 2018. "Human Capital and Intergenerational Mobility in U.S. Counties," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(1), pages 18-28, February.
  55. Kearney, Melissa S. & Levine, Phillip B., 2015. "Investigating recent trends in the U.S. teen birth rate," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 15-29.
  56. DenYelle Baete Kenyon & Tracey R. McMahon & Anna Simonson & Char Green-Maximo & Ashley Schwab & Melissa Huff & Renee E. Sieving, 2019. "My Journey : Development and Practice-Based Evidence of a Culturally Attuned Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program for Native Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, February.
  57. Marcela Mello & Jo~ao Garcia, 2026. "Pentecostal Mayors, Sexual Education, and Teenage Pregnancy," Papers 2602.19388, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2026.
  58. Magda Tsaneva & Pinar Mine Gunes, 2020. "The effect of violent crime on teenage pregnancy in Mexico," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 141-164, March.
  59. Lukáš Lafférs & Bernhard Schmidpeter, 2021. "Early child development and parents' labor supply," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 190-208, March.
  60. Kasey S. Buckles & Daniel M. Hungerman, 2018. "The Incidental Fertility Effects of School Condom Distribution Programs," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(3), pages 464-492, June.
  61. Kyutaro Matsuzawa & Daniel I. Rees & Joseph J. Sabia & Rebecca Margolit, 2025. "Minimum Wages and Teenage Childbearing in the United States," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(4), pages 471-484, June.
  62. Michael F. Lovenheim & Randall Reback & Leigh Wedenoja, 2016. "How Does Access to Health Care Affect Teen Fertility and High School Dropout Rates? Evidence from School-based Health Centers," NBER Working Papers 22030, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  63. Duron, Jacquelynn F. & Obara, Lena M. & Mojta, Patty & Ford, Veronica & Banyard, Victoria, 2025. "Understanding the strengths of young parents using photovoice: An evaluation of the school-based Parent Linking Program in New Jersey," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  64. Garcez, Lucas N. & Padilla-Romo, María & Peluffo, Cecilia & Pineda-Torres, Mayra, 2024. "Improvements in Schooling Opportunities and Teen Births," IZA Discussion Papers 16791, IZA Network @ LISER.
  65. Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner & Jesse Matheson, 2016. "Access to education and teenage childbearing," Discussion Papers in Economics 16/15, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
  66. Caroline Hartnett, 2012. "Are Hispanic Women Happier About Unintended Births?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 31(5), pages 683-701, October.
  67. Jane Herr, 2016. "Measuring the effect of the timing of first birth on wages," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 29(1), pages 39-72, January.
  68. Anna Garriga & Sebastià Sarasa & Paolo Berta, 2015. "Mother’s educational level and single motherhood: Comparing Spain and Italy," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 33(42), pages 1165-1210.
  69. David Autor & David Dorn & Gordon Hanson, 2019. "When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage Market Value of Young Men," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 1(2), pages 161-178, September.
  70. Jennifer Trudeau, 2016. "The role of new media on teen sexual behaviors and fertility outcomes—the case of 16 and Pregnant," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 82(3), pages 975-1003, January.
  71. Jiuqing Cheng & Ping Xu & Chloe Thostenson, 2024. "Psychological traits and public attitudes towards abortion: the role of empathy, locus of control, and need for cognition," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
  72. Lawson, Nicholas & Spears, Dean, 2025. "Equilibrium effects of abortion restrictions on cohort fertility: Why restricting abortion access can reduce human capital, social welfare, and lifetime fertility rates," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
  73. Yao Lu & David J. G. Slusky, 2019. "The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 5(3), pages 334-359, Summer.
  74. Phillip B. Levine, 2014. "Teenage childbearing and labor market implications for women," World of Labour, LISER, pages 1-28, July.
  75. Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner & Jesse Matheson, 2016. "Access to Education and Teenage Pregnancy," CINCH Working Paper Series 1604, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Competent in Competition and Health, revised Aug 2016.
  76. Dorn, David & Autor, David & Hanson, Gordon, 2017. "When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage-Market Value of Men," CEPR Discussion Papers 11878, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  77. Fávara, Marta & Lavado, Pablo & Sánchez, Alan, 2016. "Understanding teenage fertility, cohabitation, and marriage: the case of Peru," Avances de Investigación 0022, Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE).
  78. Hertegård, Edvin, 2024. "Divorce law reform, family stability, and children's long-term outcomes," Working Paper Series 2024:11, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  79. Ksinan Jiskrova, Gabriela & Vazsonyi, Alexander T., 2019. "Multi-contextual influences on adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 28-36.
  80. Garcez, Lucas N. & Padilla-Romo, María & Peluffo, Cecilia & Pineda-Torres, Mayra, 2025. "Improvements in schooling opportunities and teen births," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
  81. Galárraga, Omar & Harris, Jeffrey E., 2021. "Effect of an abrupt change in sexual and reproductive health policy on teen birth rates in Ecuador, 2008–2017," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
  82. Millán-Quijano, Jaime, 2015. "Drugs, guns and early motherhood in Colombia," UC3M Working papers. Economics we1509, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
  83. Britto, Diogo & Melo, Caique & Sampaio, Breno, 2022. "The Kids Aren't Alright: Parental Job Loss and Children's Outcomes Within and Beyond Schools," CEPR Discussion Papers 17562, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  84. Lazuka, Volha & Elwert, Annika, 2023. "Life-Cycle Effects of Comprehensive Sex Education," IZA Discussion Papers 16622, IZA Network @ LISER.
  85. Gagete-Miranda, Jessica & Meschi, Elena & Pagani, Laura, 2024. "Non-cognitive peer effects in early education: The influence of children born to teenage mothers on peers’ behavioral problems," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
  86. Cappelli, Federica, 2025. "Unequal contributions to CO2 emissions along the income distribution within and between countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
  87. Georgios Mavropoulos & Theodore Panagiotidis, 2023. "The role of relative income in the share of children born out-of-wedlock in the USA," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1105-1120, March.
  88. Damian Clarke, 2018. "Children And Their Parents: A Review Of Fertility And Causality," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 518-540, April.
  89. Shelly Lundberg & Robert A. Pollak, 2014. "Cohabitation and the Uneven Retreat from Marriage in the United States, 1950–2010," NBER Chapters, in: Human Capital in History: The American Record, pages 241-272, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  90. Jason M. Lindo & Analisa Packham, 2017. "How Much Can Expanding Access to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Reduce Teen Birth Rates?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 348-376, August.
  91. Christian H Ebeke, 2023. "Intergenerational Mobility and the Growth–Inequality–Poverty Nexus in Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 32(Supplemen), pages 99-112.
  92. Chien Liu, 2021. "A theory of sexual revolution: explaining the collapse of the norm of premarital abstinence," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 20(1), pages 41-58, June.
  93. Volha Lazuka & Annika Elwert, 2023. "Life-Cycle Effects of Comprehensive Sex Education," Papers 2310.11151, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2026.
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