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Stalin and the origins of mistrust

Author

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  • Nikolova, Milena
  • Popova, Olga
  • Otrachshenko, Vladimir

Abstract

We show that current differences in trust levels within former Soviet Union countries can be traced back to the system of forced prison labor during Stalin's rule, which was marked by high incarceration rates, repression, and harsh punishments. We argue that those exposed to forced labor camps (gulags) became less trusting and transferred this social norm to their descendants. Combining contemporary individual-level survey data with historical information on the location of forced labor camps, we find that individuals who live near former gulags have low levels of social and institutional trust. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks, which suggests that the relationship we document is causal. We outline several causal mechanisms and test whether the social norm of mistrust near gulags developed because of political repression or due to fear that inmates bring criminality. As such, we provide novel evidence on the channels through which history matters for current socio-economic outcomes today.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolova, Milena & Popova, Olga & Otrachshenko, Vladimir, 2019. "Stalin and the origins of mistrust," GLO Discussion Paper Series 344, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:glodps:344
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    14. Sascha O. Becker, 2022. "Forced displacement in history: Some recent research," Australian Economic History Review, Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(1), pages 2-25, March.
    15. De Sousa, José & Guillin, Amélie & Lochard, Julie & Silve, Arthur, 2023. "Trust and specialization in complexity: Evidence from U.S. states," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 332-353.
    16. Popova, Olga & See, Sarah Grace & Nikolova, Milena & Otrachshenko, Vladimir, 2023. "The Societal Costs of Inflation and Unemployment," IZA Discussion Papers 16541, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Lonsky, Jakub, 2020. "Gulags, crime, and elite violence : origins and consequences of the Russian mafia," BOFIT Discussion Papers 24/2020, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
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    20. Toews, Gerhard & Vezina, Pierre-Louis, 2020. "Enemies of the people," SocArXiv gnypr, Center for Open Science.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    social trust; institutional trust; trustworthiness; forced labor; economic history; former Soviet Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D02 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
    • H10 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - General
    • N94 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Europe: 1913-
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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