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Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi

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  • Baptiste Françon

Abstract

Dans le contexte d’une croissance sans précédent des inégalités salariales, le gouvernement allemand a introduit en janvier 2015 un salaire minimum légal de 8,5€ de l’heure. Les évaluations disponibles se sont pour l’instant concentrées sur les effets (modérés) sur l’emploi à court terme de cette introduction. Cependant, les modalités d’application de la réforme font craindre que ses effets bénéfiques en termes de gains salariaux soient inégalement partagés : certains secteurs ont vu son application différée ; certaines catégories de travailleurs ne sont pas couvertes par le dispositif ; enfin, les contournements de la loi par les employeurs sont fréquents. Dans cet article nous revenons sur la genèse de la réforme et sur ces difficultés d’application. Nous proposons aussi une évaluation des effets de court terme d’aspects plus qualitatifs de la réforme. Nous analysons à partir du Panel Socio-Économique allemand (SOEP) l’évolution des salaires pour différents statuts d’emploi et caractéristiques individuelles et montrons que la réforme peine à réduire efficacement la segmentation. Nous mettons aussi en évidence des effets pervers de la réforme pour la stabilité de l’emploi des chômeurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Baptiste Françon, 2020. "Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi," Working Papers of BETA 2020-36, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2020-36
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    salaire minimum; segmentation; qualité de l’emploi; Allemagne.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy

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