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Examiner and Judge Designs in Economics: A Practitioner's Guide

Author

Listed:
  • Chyn, Eric

    (University of Texas at Austin)

  • Frandsen, Brigham R.

    (Brigham Young University)

  • Leslie, Emily

    (Brigham Young University)

Abstract

This article provides empirical researchers with an introduction and guide to research designs based on variation in judge and examiner tendencies to administer treatments or other interventions. We review the basic theory behind the research design, outline the assumptions under which the design identifies causal effects, describe empirical tests of the conditions for identification, and discuss tradeoffs associated with choices researchers must make for estimation. We demonstrate concepts and best practices concretely in an empirical case study that uses an examiner tendency research design to study the effects of pre-trial detention.

Suggested Citation

  • Chyn, Eric & Frandsen, Brigham R. & Leslie, Emily, 2025. "Examiner and Judge Designs in Economics: A Practitioner's Guide," IZA Discussion Papers 17636, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17636
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    judges; examiners; judge fixed effects; applied econometrics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • C54 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Quantitative Policy Modeling

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