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Lecciones de la investigación económica sobre el rol del sector privado en educación

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  • Pablo González

Abstract

El artículo presenta los elementos conceptuales necesarios para comprender el rol económico del estado y del sector privado en educación. Posteriormente describe las ventajas y defectos de la gestión de establecimientos educacionales tanto por parte de agentes privados como de agentes públicos, así como los beneficios y problemas de la competencia y el financiamiento público vía "vouchers", fuertemente asociada con el fomento de la actividad privada. Se discuten también los argumentos relacionados con el lucro en este ámbito. La segunda parte revisa la literatura empírica internacional sobre la eficiencia relativa del sector privado y los efectos de la competencia, destacando los problemas que deben enfrentarse en estas investigaciones y que explican resultados a veces contradictorios o de difícil interpretación para fines de política pública. Uno de los grandes desafíos que deben enfrentar los sistemas educacionales es mejorar la información sobre resultados en el sistema escolar, compatibilizándola con la necesidad de flexibilidad curricular y de integración de alumnos con dificultades. El desarrollo de sistemas de medición de "valor agregado" producido por los establecimientos educacionales y la especificación de derechos de los consumidores en este mercado están a la base tanto de una confluencia de los intereses de los oferentes privados con los objetivos de política pública, como del funcionamiento más eficiente de los agentes públicos en este ámbito.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo González, 2002. "Lecciones de la investigación económica sobre el rol del sector privado en educación," Documentos de Trabajo 117, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
    • Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:117
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