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AI and women’s employment in Europe

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  • Albanesi, Stefania
  • Dias Da Silva, António
  • Jimeno, Juan F.
  • Lamo, Ana
  • Wabitsch, Alena

Abstract

We examine the link between the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled technologies and changes in the female employment share in 16 European countries over the period 2011-2019. Using data for occupations at the 3-digit level, we find that on average female employment shares increased in occupations more exposed to AI. Countries with high initial female labor force participation and higher initial female relative education show a stronger positive association. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, almost all show a positive relation between changes in female employment shares within occupations and exposure to AI-enabled automation. JEL Classification: J23, O33

Suggested Citation

  • Albanesi, Stefania & Dias Da Silva, António & Jimeno, Juan F. & Lamo, Ana & Wabitsch, Alena, 2025. "AI and women’s employment in Europe," Working Paper Series 3077, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253077
    Note: 686280
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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