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Efectos de la suspensión de las aspersiones aéreas con glifosato sobre la deserción escolar en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Carvajal, Hernán

    (Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes)

Abstract

En Colombia, las campañas de erradicación aérea con glifosato fueron una de las principales estrategias adoptadas por el Gobierno en el marco de la guerra contra las drogas y el narcotráfico. No obstante, se ha evidenciado que este programa no genera una disminución significativa en el número de cultivos ilícitos de coca, no es costo-efectivo y produce efectos negativos sobre diferentes variables sociales y económicas. Este artículo toma como caso de estudio el cuasiexperimento constituido por la suspensión de las aspersiones aéreas con glifosato en el año 2015, y analiza su impacto sobre las tasas de deserción escolar a nivel municipal. Empleando la metodología de diferencias en diferencias, se halla que el cese de esta medida gubernamental generó una reducción en los niveles de deserción escolar de aquellos municipios expuestos a fumigaciones aéreas entre los años 2010 y 2015 comparados con otros territorios. Dicho efecto se concentra en los alumnos de primer a sexto grado, y es mayor para los hombres en contraste con las mujeres. Estos resultados podrían explicarse a partir de una mejora en las condiciones de salud de los habitantes de municipios que fueron asperjados con glifosato previo a la prohibición de dicha política. Sin embargo, este efecto se atenúa en zonas que poseen una alta probabilidad de registrar cultivos ilícitos de coca.

Suggested Citation

  • Carvajal, Hernán, 2023. "Efectos de la suspensión de las aspersiones aéreas con glifosato sobre la deserción escolar en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20307, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:020307
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Deserción Escolar; Suspensión; Erradicación aérea; Glifosato;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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