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Bonanzas y crisis de la actividad petrolera y su efecto sobre la economía colombiana

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Abstract

Este documento describe la importancia del petróleo en la economía colombiana y cuantifica su impacto sobre la deuda del gobierno, la tasa de cambio real y la actividad económica en los últimos treinta años. El trabajo resulta útil por la importancia histórica del petróleo y por el impacto macroeconómico que ocasionó la caída reciente del precio internacional del crudo. Para el ejercicio empírico se utiliza una metodología de Vectores Autoregresivos con parámetros cambiantes en el tiempo, VAR-PCT, la cual supone que la relación entre los precios y/o la producción de petróleo con las variables macroeconómicas cambia dinámicamente. Los resultados confirman que hay diferentes patrones de volatilidad estocástica de las variables incluidas en el modelo. De acuerdo con las funciones impulso respuesta, los choques positivos al precio del petróleo no causaron efectos significativos sobre la tasa de cambio real, excepto en 2004, cuando se observó una apreciación real. No obstante, para enero de 2015, un choque negativo al precio del 10% generaría una depreciación real de aproximadamente 8%. Así mismo, un choque positivo al precio no afectaría la deuda del gobierno ni en junio de 1999 ni en enero de 2007. Sin embargo, un choque negativo al precio en enero de 2015 del 10% reflejaría un aumento de la deuda anual hasta de 8.9%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Ligia Marcela Parrado-Galvis & Hector Manuel Zarate-Solano, 2016. "Bonanzas y crisis de la actividad petrolera y su efecto sobre la economía colombiana," Borradores de Economia 961, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:961
    DOI: 10.32468/be.961
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    1. Jorge Toro & Aarón Garavito & David Camilo López & Enrique Montes, 2015. "El choque petrolero y sus implicaciones en la economía colombiana," Borradores de Economia 13829, Banco de la Republica.
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    6. Massimiliano Marcellino & Christian Schumacher, 2010. "Factor MIDAS for Nowcasting and Forecasting with Ragged‐Edge Data: A Model Comparison for German GDP," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 72(4), pages 518-550, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joaquín Bernal-Ramírez & Jair Ojeda-Joya & Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Felipe Clavijo-Ramírez & Carolina Durana-Ángel & Clark Granger-Castaño & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez & Daniel Parra-Amado & José Pulido &, 2022. "Impacto macroeconómico del cambio climático en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 102, pages 1-62, July.
    2. Neville Francis & Sergio Restrepo-Angel, 2018. "Sectoral and aggregate response to oil price shocks in the Colombian economy: SVAR and Local Projections approach," Borradores de Economia 1055, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Carvajal, Hernán, 2023. "Efectos de la suspensión de las aspersiones aéreas con glifosato sobre la deserción escolar en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20307, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    4. Astrid Martínez Ortiz & Martha Elena Delgado, 2021. "Los retos del grupo Ecopetrol y del país frente a la transición energética," Informes de Investigación 20227, Fedesarrollo.
    5. Carlos Mauro Cárdenas Cardona & Juan Camilo Galvis Ciro, 2020. "La comunicación fiscal y sus efectos sobre los retornos de los títulos públicos: una aproximación empírica para el caso colombiano," Ensayos de Economía 18309, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
    6. Julio-Román, Juan Manuel & Gamboa-Estrada, Fredy Alejandro, 2019. "The Exchange Rate and Oil Prices in Colombia: A High Frequency Analysis," Working papers 22, Red Investigadores de Economía.
    7. Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Clark Granger-Castaño & Andrés Sánchez-Jabba, 2022. "The Expected Effects of Climate Change on Colombia’s Current Account," Borradores de Economia 1214, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    8. José Mauricio Gil León & Daniel Eduardo Silva-Pinzón, 2019. "Índice de incertidumbre de política económica (EPU) para Colombia, 2000-2017," Ensayos de Economía 18198, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
    9. Pareja Vasseur, Julián. DBA & Prada Sánchez, Marcela & Moreno Escobar, Martha, 2019. "Volatilidad en Opciones Reales: Revisión Literaria y un Caso de Aplicación en el Sector Petrolero Colombiano || Real Options Volatility: Literature Review and a Case of Application in the Colombian Oi," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 27(1), pages 136-155, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Petróleo; Finanzas Publicas Colombia; PCT-VAR;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C35 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
    • C36 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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