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The redistributive effects of financial deregulation: wall street versus main street

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Listed:
  • Anton Korinek
  • Jonathan Kreamer

Abstract

Financial regulation is often framed as a question of economic efficiency. This paper, by contrast, puts the distributive implications of financial regulation at center stage. We develop a formal model in which the financial sector benefits from financial risk-taking by earning greater expected returns. However, risk-taking also increases the incidence of large losses that lead to credit crunches and impose negative externalities on the real economy. We describe a Pareto frontier along which different levels of risk-taking map into different levels of welfare for the two parties, pitting Main Street against Wall Street. A regulator has to trade off efficiency in the financial sector, which is aided by deregulation, against efficiency in the real economy, which is aided by tighter regulation and a more stable supply of credit. We also show that financial innovation, asymmetric compensation schemes, concentration in the banking system, and bailout expectations enable or encourage greater risk-taking and allocate greater surplus to Wall Street at the expense of Main Street.

Suggested Citation

  • Anton Korinek & Jonathan Kreamer, 2014. "The redistributive effects of financial deregulation: wall street versus main street," BIS Working Papers 468, Bank for International Settlements.
  • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:468
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    3. Alshubiri, Faris, 2021. "Financial deepening indicators and income inequality of OECD and ASIAN countries," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    4. Brei, Michael & Ferri, Giovanni & Gambacorta, Leonardo, 2023. "Financial structure and income inequality," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    5. Daniel DAIANU, 2017. "When Policies Fuel Economic Cycles," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 167-190, March.
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    7. Oliver Denk & Boris Cournède, 2015. "Finance and income inequality in OECD countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1224, OECD Publishing.
    8. Boris Cournède & Oliver Denk & Peter Hoeller, 2015. "Finance and Inclusive Growth," OECD Economic Policy Papers 14, OECD Publishing.
    9. Masciandaro, Donato & Volpicella, Alessio, 2016. "Macro prudential governance and central banks: Facts and drivers," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 101-119.
    10. Hodula, Martin, 2023. "Fintech credit, big tech credit and income inequality," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    11. Hamid Boustanifar & Everett Grant & Ariell Reshef, 2018. "Wages and Human Capital in Finance: International Evidence, 1970–2011 [Financial reform: what shakes it? What shapes it?]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 22(2), pages 699-745.
    12. Prachi Mishra & Ariell Reshef, 2019. "How Do Central Bank Governors Matter? Regulation and the Financial Sector," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(2-3), pages 369-402, March.
    13. Donato Masciandaro, 2018. "Central Banks And Macroprudential Policies: Economics And Politics," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1878, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    14. Bezemer, Dirk & Samarina, Anna & Zhang, Lu, 2020. "Does mortgage lending impact business credit? Evidence from a new disaggregated bank credit data set," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    15. Esposito, Lorenzo & Mastromatteo, Giuseppe, 2020. "When The Contagion Effect Went Live: The First Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 73(4), pages 467-496.
    16. Giuseppe Mastromatteo & Giuseppe Mastromatteo, 2016. "Minsky at Basel: A Global Cap to Build an Effective Postcrisis Banking Supervision Framework," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_875, Levy Economics Institute.

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    Keywords

    financial regulation; distributive conflict; rent extraction; growth of the financial sector;
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