Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2015

• Krzysztof DRACHAL, 2015, "The Structural Stability of a One-Day Risk Premium in View of the Recent Financial Crisis," Expert Journal of Economics, Sprint Investify, volume 3, issue 2, pages 136-142.
• Chaker Aloui & Hela BEN HAMIDA, 2015, "Estimation and Performance Assessment of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall Based on Long-Memory GARCH-Class Models," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, volume 65, issue 1, pages 30-54, January.
• Roman Horváth & Boril Sopov, 2015, "GARCH Models, Tail Indexes and Error Distributions: An Empirical Investigation," Working Papers IES, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, number 2015/09, May, revised May 2015.
• Jozef Barunik & Barbora Malinska, 2015, "Forecasting the Term Structure of Crude Oil Futures Prices with Neural Networks," Working Papers IES, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, number 2015/25, Nov, revised Nov 2015.
• Michael B. Gordy & Pawel J. Szerszen, 2015, "Bayesian Estimation of Time-Changed Default Intensity Models," Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 2015-2, Jan, DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2015.002.
• Christopher J. Neely, 2015, "Financial Engineering Versus Cancer," Economic Synopses, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue 18.
• Fernando M. Duarte & Carlo Rosa, 2015, "The equity risk premium: a review of models," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 2, pages 39-57.
• Fernando M. Duarte & Carlo Rosa, 2015, "The equity risk premium: a review of models," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 714, Feb.
• Tobias Adrian & Richard K. Crump & Erik Vogt, 2015, "Nonlinearity and flight to safety in the risk-return trade-off for stocks and bonds," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 723, Apr.
• Ravioli, Mario & Fabregat-Aibar, Laura, 2015, "Analysis Of Recommendations About Expected Prices Of Ibex 35 Using Fuzzy Numbers," Fuzzy Economic Review, International Association for Fuzzy-set Management and Economy (SIGEF), volume 0, issue 1, pages 51-70, May.
• Yanina Laumann, 2015, "Analysis Of Beta Coefficients In The Brazilian Stock Market Using Fuzzy Linear Regression Methodology," Fuzzy Economic Review, International Association for Fuzzy-set Management and Economy (SIGEF), volume 0, issue 2, pages 3-17, November.
• Joseph P. Byrne & Shuo Cao. & Dimitris Korobilis., 2015, "Term Structure Dynamics, Macro-Finance Factors and Model Uncertainty," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2015_08, Feb.
• Mario Cerrato & John Crosby & Minjoo Kim & Yang Zhao, 2015, "Modeling Dependence Structure and Forecasting Market Risk with Dynamic Asymmetric Copula," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2015_15, Feb.
• Nuno Silva, 2015, "Time-Varying Stock Return Predictability: The Eurozone Case," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 41, pages 28-38, June.
• António Alberto Santos, 2015, "The evolution of the Volatility in Financial Returns: Realized Volatility vs Stochastic Volatility Measures," GEMF Working Papers, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, number 2015-10, Apr.
• António A. F. Santos, 2015, "On the Forecasting of Financial Volatility Using Ultra-High Frequency Data," GEMF Working Papers, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, number 2015-17, Aug.
• Nuno Silva, 2015, "Industry based equity premium forecasts," GEMF Working Papers, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, number 2015-19, Dec.
• Alain Chateauneuf & Mina Mostoufi & David Vyncke, 2015, "Comonotonic Monte Carlo and its applications in option pricing and quantification of risk," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number hal-01159741, Jun.
• Guillaume Arnould & Catherine Bruneau & Zhun Peng, 2015, "Liquidity and Equity Short term fragility: Stress-tests for the European banking system," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-01254729, Dec.
• Alain Chateauneuf & Mina Mostoufi & David Vyncke, 2015, "Comonotonic Monte Carlo and its applications in option pricing and quantification of risk," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-01159741, Jun.
• Laurent E. Calvet & Veronika Czellar, 2015, "Accurate Methods for Approximate Bayesian Computation Filtering," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02313212, Oct, DOI: 10.1093/jjfinec/nbu019.
• Guillaume Arnould & Catherine Bruneau & Zhun Peng, 2015, "Liquidity and Equity Short term fragility: Stress-tests for the European banking system," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-01254729, Dec.
• Antonello Lobianco & Arnaud A. Dragicevic & Antoine Leblois, 2015, "Forest planning and productivity-risk trade-off through the Markowitz mean-variance model," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-01627581.
• Edina Berlinger & György Walter, 2015, "Introduction of an Income Contingent Repayment Scheme for Non-Performing Mortgage Loans - Lessons from Hungary’s Case," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 1502, Jan.
• Daniel Havran & Kata Varadi, 2015, "Price Impact and the Recovery of the Limit Order Book: Why Should We Care About Informed Liquidity Providers?," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 1540, Aug.
• De Rezende, Rafael B., 2015, "Risks in macroeconomic fundamentals and excess bond returns predictability," Working Paper Series, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), number 295, Feb.
• Misund, Bård, 2015, "Financial Ratios and Prediction on Corporate Bankruptcy in the Atlantic Salmon Industry," UiS Working Papers in Economics and Finance, University of Stavanger, number 2015/9, Dec.
• Takamizawa, Hideyuki & 髙見澤, 秀幸, 2015, "Predicting Interest Rate Volatility: Using Information on the Yield Curve," Working Paper Series, Hitotsubashi University Center for Financial Research, number G-1-9, May.
• Radu Lupu & Adrian Cantemir Calin & Georgiana Roxana Ene, 2015, "Are the Announcements Regarding Macroeconomic Fundamentals Responsible for Changes in the Dynamics of Stock Markets? CEE vs Developed Markets," Hyperion Economic Journal, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Hyperion University of Bucharest, Romania, volume 3, issue 3, pages 3-13, September.
• Jun-Biao Lin, 2015, "Hedging Strategy Comparisons Of Volatility Index Options Using Diffusion Models," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, volume 9, issue 3, pages 59-69.
• Eduardo Sandoval, 2015, "Small Vs Large Caps. Evidence From Developed And Emerging Stock Markets During Periods With And Without Financial Crisis, Small Vs Large Caps. Evidencia De Mercados Accionarios Desarrollados Y Emergentes En Periodos Con Vs Sin Crisis Financiera," Revista Internacional Administracion & Finanzas, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, volume 8, issue 4, pages 27-44.
• Toshinao Yoshiba, 2015, "Risk Aggregation with Copula for Banking Industry," IMES Discussion Paper Series, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, number 15-E-01, Jan.
• Oscar V. De la Torre Torres & María Isabel Martínez Torre-Enciso, 2015, "Revisión de la Inversión Sustentable en La Bolsa Mexicana Durante Periodos de Crisis," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, volume 10, issue 2, pages 115-130, Julio-Dic.
• Sumit Agarwal & Itzhak Ben-David & Vincent Yao, 2015, "Collateral Valuation and Borrower Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Residential Real Estate Market," Management Science, INFORMS, volume 61, issue 9, pages 2220-2240, September, DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2014.2002.
• , , "," IPEK Working Papers, Ipek University, Department of Economics, number 1509.
• Casarin, Roberto & Grassi, Stefano & Ravazzolo, Francesco & van Dijk, Herman K., 2015, "Parallel Sequential Monte Carlo for Efficient Density Combination: The DeCo MATLAB Toolbox," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, volume 68, issue i03, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10.18637/jss..
• Bo Yi & Frederi Viens & Baron Law & Zhongfei Li, 2015, "Dynamic portfolio selection with mispricing and model ambiguity," Annals of Finance, Springer, volume 11, issue 1, pages 37-75, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10436-014-0252-y.
• Mark Freeman & Ben Groom, 2015, "Using equity premium survey data to estimate future wealth," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, volume 45, issue 4, pages 665-693, November, DOI: 10.1007/s11156-014-0451-7.
• Alper Veli ÇAM, 2015, "Notes on the2015 Finance Symposium," Journal of Economics Library, KSP Journals, volume 2, issue 4, pages 378-379, December.
• Antonello Lobianco & Arnaud Dragicevic & Antoine Leblois, 2015, "Forest planning and productivity-risk trade-off through the Markowitz mean-variance model," Working Papers - Cahiers du LEF, Laboratoire d'Economie Forestiere, AgroParisTech-INRA, number 2015-07, Jul, revised Jul 2015.
• Benoît Carmichael & Jean Armand Gnagne & Kevin Moran, 2015, "Securities Transactions Taxes and Financial Crises," Cahiers de recherche, Centre de recherche sur les risques, les enjeux économiques, et les politiques publiques, number 1506.
• Benoît Carmichael & Jean Armand Gnagne & Kevin Moran, 2015, "Securities Transactions Taxes and Financial Crises," Cahiers de recherche, CIRPEE, number 1515.
• Alexandru Mandes, 2015, "Impact of inventory-based electronic liquidity providers within a high-frequency event- and agent-based modeling framework," MAGKS Papers on Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung), number 201515.
• Alexandru Mandes & Peter Winker, 2015, "Complexity and Model Comparison in Agent Based Modeling of Financial Markets," MAGKS Papers on Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung), number 201528.
• Vojtěch Fiala & Svatopluk Kapounek & Ondřej Veselý, 2015, "Impact of Social Media on the Stock Market: Evidence from Tweets," European Journal of Business Science and Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 24-35, DOI: 10.11118/ejobsat.v1i1.35.
• Nicky J. Ferguson & Dennis Philip & Herbert Y. T. Lam & Jie Michael Guo, 2015, "Media Content and Stock Returns: The Predictive Power of Press," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, volume 19, issue 1, pages 1-31, March.
• Yuri Biondi & Simone Righi, 2015, "Much ado about making money:The impact of disclosure, news and rumors over the formation of security market prices over time," Department of Economics, University of Modena and Reggio E., Faculty of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 0075, Dec.
• Alain Chateauneuf & Mina Mostoufi & David Vyncke, 2015, "Comonotonic Monte Carlo and its applications in option pricing and quantification of risk," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, number 15015, Feb.
• Alain Chateauneuf & Mina Mostoufi & David Vyncke, 2015, "Comonotonic Monte Carlo and its applications in option pricing and quantification of risk," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, number 15015r, Feb, revised Jun 2015, DOI: 10.3905/jod.2016.24.1.018.
• Catherine Bruneau & Alexis Flageollet & Zhun Peng, 2015, "Risk factors, Copula dependence and risk sensitivity of a large portfolio," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, number 15040, Mar.
• Guillaume Arnould & Catherine Bruneau & Zhun Peng, 2015, "Liquidity and Equity Short term fragility: Stress-tests for the European banking system," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, number 15090, Dec.
• Biqing Cai & Chaohua Dong & Jiti Gao, 2015, "Orthogonal Series Estimation in Nonlinear Cointegrating Models with Endogeneity," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, number 18/15.
• Harry Vander Elst, 2015, "FloGARCH : Realizing long memory and asymmetries in returns volatility," Working Paper Research, National Bank of Belgium, number 280, Apr.
• Tomasz Skoczylas, 2015, "Log-volatility enhanced GARCH models for single asset returns," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, volume 46, issue 5, pages 411-432.
• Florentin Butaru & QingQing Chen & Brian Clark & Sanmay Das & Andrew W. Lo & Akhtar Siddique, 2015, "Risk and Risk Management in the Credit Card Industry," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 21305, Jun.
• Joel M. David & Ina Simonovska, 2015, "Correlated Beliefs, Returns, and Stock Market Volatility," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 21480, Aug.
• Torben G. Andersen & Nicola Fusari & Viktor Todorov, 2015, "The Pricing of Short-Term market Risk: Evidence from Weekly Options," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 21491, Aug.
• Kocheturov, A. & Batsyn, M. & Pardalos, P., 2015, "Dynamics of Cluster Structures in Stock Market Networks," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 28, issue 4, pages 12-30.
• A. Abramov & A. Radygin & M. Chernova, 2015, "Long-term Portfolio investment: New insight into Return and Risk," Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP Voprosy Ekonomiki, issue 10, DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2015-10-54-77.
• Sornette, Didier & Cauwels, Peter, 2015, "Financial Bubbles: Mechanisms and Diagnostics," Review of Behavioral Economics, now publishers, volume 2, issue 3, pages 279-305, October, DOI: 10.1561/105.00000035.
• Droj Laurentiu, 2015, "Study Regarding The Profitability Indicators For The Romanian Companies Operating In The Tourism And Leisure Services Sector In The Period Of 2010-2013," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 817-824, July.
• Abrudan Leonard Calin, 2015, "Analysis Of Romanian Economic Stability In Terms Of Evolution Of The Budgetary Deficit And Other Macroeconomic Indicators, In The Period 2013-2017 (Forecast)," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 2, pages 13-19, December.
• Jiahan Li & Ilias Tsiakas & Wei Wang, 2015, "Predicting Exchange Rates Out of Sample: Can Economic Fundamentals Beat the Random Walk?," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, volume 13, issue 2, pages 293-341.
• Laurent E. Calvet & Veronika Czellar, 2015, "Accurate Methods for Approximate Bayesian Computation Filtering," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, volume 13, issue 4, pages 798-838.
• Dashan Huang & Fuwei Jiang & Jun Tu & Guofu Zhou, 2015, "Investor Sentiment Aligned: A Powerful Predictor of Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 28, issue 3, pages 791-837.
• Aurora Murgea, 2015, "January Effect and Market Conditions: a Case of Romania," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 488-493, May.
• Aurora Murgea, 2015, "Holliday Effect in Contemporary Capital Markets," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 494-499, May.
• Elia Berdin & Helmut Gründl, 2015, "The Effects of a Low Interest Rate Environment on Life Insurers," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, volume 40, issue 3, pages 385-415, July.
• Paul Bedón Garcia & Gabriel Rodriguez, 2015, "Univariate Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models: An Application to the Peruvian Stock Market Returns," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, number 2015-400.
• Laila Taskeen Qazi & Atta Ur Rahman & Saleem Gul, 2015, "Which Pairs of Stocks should we Trade? Selection of Pairs for Statistical Arbitrage and Pairs Trading in Karachi Stock Exchange," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, volume 54, issue 3, pages 215-244.
• Molenaars, Tomas K. & Reinerink, Nick H. & Hemminga, Marcus A., 2015, "Forecasting the yield curve: art or science?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 61917, Feb.
• Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo & Mwamba, Muteba, 2015, "A multivariate model for the prediction of stock returns in an emerging market: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric models," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62028, Feb.
• Hu, Zongyi & Li, Chao, 2015, "Investor Sentiment and Irrational Speculative Bubble Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62108, Feb.
• Jones, Clive, 2015, "Predictability of the daily high and low of the S&P 500 index," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62664, Mar.
• Djennad, Abdelmajid & Rigby, Robert & Stasinopoulos, Dimitrios & Voudouris, Vlasios & Eilers, Paul, 2015, "Beyond location and dispersion models: The Generalized Structural Time Series Model with Applications," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62807, Mar.
• Byrne, Joseph & Cao, Shuo & Korobilis, Dimitris, 2015, "Term Structure Dynamics, Macro-Finance Factors and Model Uncertainty," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63844, Apr.
• Naser, Hanan & Alaali, Fatema, 2015, "Can Oil Prices Help Predict US Stock Market Returns: An Evidence Using a DMA Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65295, Jan, revised 25 Jun 2015.
• Liu, Chengwei & Chan, Yixiang & Alam Kazmi, Syed Hasnain & Fu, Hao, 2015, "Financial Fraud Detection Model Based on Random Forest," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65404, Apr.
• Ahmadov, Vugar & Huseynov, Salman & Mammadov, Fuad & Karimli, Tural, 2015, "Brent nefti opsiyonlarından neytral riskli ehtimal paylanmasının əldə olunması
  [Extracting risk-neutral probability distribution from Brent oil options]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 65704, Jul.
• Dhaoui, Abderrazak & Audi, Mohamed & Ouled Ahmed Ben Ali, Raja, 2015, "Revising empirical linkages between direction of Canadian stock price index movement and Oil supply and demand shocks: Artificial neural network and support vector machines approaches," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66029, Aug.
• Kroujiline, Dimitri & Gusev, Maxim & Ushanov, Dmitry & Sharov, Sergey V. & Govorkov, Boris, 2015, "Forecasting stock market returns over multiple time horizons," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66175, Aug.
• Mamipour, Siab & Vaezi Jezeie, Fereshteh, 2015, "Non-Linearities in the relation between oil price, gold price and stock market returns in Iran: a multivariate regime-switching approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66202, Jun.
• Grover, Vaibhav, 2015, "Identifying Dependence Structure among Equities in Indian Markets using Copulas," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66302, Aug.
• Tomić, Bojan & Sesar, Andrijana, 2015, "Interdependence of Industrial Production Index and capital market in Croatia: VAR model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 66816, Apr.
• Situngkir, Hokky, 2015, "On Capturing the Spreading Dynamics over Trading Prices in the Market," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67247, Oct.
• Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2015, "Wave function method to forecast foreign currencies exchange rates at ultra high frequency electronic trading in foreign currencies exchange markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67470, Oct.
• Pönkä, Harri, 2015, "Real oil prices and the international sign predictability of stock returns," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68330, Dec.
• Meriem Rjiba, Meriem & Tsagris, Michail & Mhalla, Hedi, 2015, "Bootstrap for Value at Risk Prediction," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68842.
• LaGarda, Guillermo & Manzano, Osmel & Prat, Jordi, 2015, "The Legacy of the Crisis: Policy Options in a Favorable Environment," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 72151, Jan.
• Pavlović, Radica & Bukvić, Rajko & Gajić, Aleksandar, 2015, "Internal Sources of Financing Companies on the Basis of Static and Dynamic Indicators: Comparative Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 72216, revised 2015.
• Khan, Dr. Muhammad Irfan & Syed, Muhammad Salman, 2015, "Comparison between Forecasted Stock Prices and Original Stock Prices in the Karachi Stock Exchange," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 72647, Jan, revised Jul 2015.
• Matkovskyy, Roman & Bouraoui, Taoufik & Hammami, Helmi, 2015, "Estimation and prediction of an Index of Financial Safety of Tunisia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 74573, revised 2016.
• Ahelegbey, Daniel Felix, 2015, "The Econometrics of Bayesian Graphical Models: A Review With Financial Application," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 92634, May, revised 25 Apr 2016.
• Asandului, Mircea & Lupu, Dan & Mursa, Gabriel Claudiu & Muşetescu, Radu, 2015, "Dynamic relations between CDS and stock markets in Eastern European countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 95506, Dec.
• Stelios Bekiros & Rangan Gupta, 2015, "Predicting Stock Returns and Volatility Using Consumption-Aggregate Wealth Ratios: A Nonlinear Approach," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201505, Feb.
• Stelios Bekiros & Rangan Gupta & Clement Kyei, 2015, "On Economic Uncertainty, Stock Market Predictability and Nonlinear Spillover Effects," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201508, Feb.
• Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Clement Kyei, 2015, "South African Stock Returns Predictability using Domestic and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty: Evidence from a Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Approach," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201570, Oct.
• Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Clement Kyei, 2015, "Predicting Stock Returns and Volatility with Investor Sentiment Indices: A Reconsideration using a Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Test," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201575, Oct.
• Nikolaos Antonakakis & Vassilios Babalos & Clement Kyei, 2015, "Predictability of Sustainable Investments and the Role of Uncertainty: Evidence from a Non-Parametric Causality-in-Quantiles Test," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201576, Oct.
• Christophe André & Lumengo Bonga-Bonga & Rangan Gupta & John W. Muteba Mwamba, 2015, "The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on US Real Housing Returns and their Volatility: A Nonparametric Approach," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201582, Nov.
• Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Won Joong Kim & Clement Kyei, 2015, "The Role of Domestic and Global Economic Policy Uncertainties in Predicting Stock Returns and their Volatility for Hong Kong, Malaysia and South Korea: Evidence from a Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Approach," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201586, Nov.
• Rangan Gupta & Mark E. Wohar, 2015, "Forecasting Oil and Stock Returns with a Qual VAR using over 150 Years of Data," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201589, Dec.
• Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Mampho P. Modise & John W. Muteba Mwamba, 2015, "Predicting South African Equity Premium using Domestic and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Indices: Evidence from a Bayesian Graphical Model," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 201596, Dec.
• Igor Paholok, 2015, "Credit Value Adjustment and Economic Motivation to Trade on PXE," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2015, issue 3, pages 245-259, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.517.
• Dana Cíchová Králová, 2015, "Využití modelu BGM při řízení úrokového rizika v českém prostředí v období po finanční krizi
  [Aplication of the BGM Model for Interest Rate Risk Management in the Czech Environment after Financial Crisis]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2015, issue 6, pages 714-740, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1023.
• Maciej Kostrzewski, 2015, "Bayesian DEJD Model and Detection of Asymmetry in Jump Sizes," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, volume 7, issue 1, pages 43-70, March.
• Sylvia Sarantopoulou-Chiourea & George Skiadopoulos, 2015, "A New Predictor of Real Economic Activity: The S&P 500 Option Implied Risk Aversion," Working Papers, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance, number 741, Mar.
• Stan Hurn & Peter C B Phillips & Shuping Shi, 2015, "Change Detection and the Casual Impact of the Yield Curve," NCER Working Paper Series, National Centre for Econometric Research, number 107, Aug.
• Alexandra Heath & Gerard Kelly & Mark Manning, 2015, "Central Counterparty Loss Allocation and Transmission of Financial Stress," RBA Research Discussion Papers, Reserve Bank of Australia, number rdp2015-02, Mar.
• Alexis Akira Toda & Kieran Walsh, 2015, "Asset Pricing and the One Percent," 2015 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 858.
• Mihai Cristian Dinică & Erica Cristina (Balea) Dinică, 2015, "Testing the Weak-Form Market Eficiency of the Euronext Wheat," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, volume 18, issue 55, pages 25-38, March.
• Eleftherios I. Thalassinos & Erginbay Ugurlu & Yusuf Muratoglu, 2015, "Comparison of Forecasting Volatility in the Czech Republic Stock Market," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, volume 2, issue 1, pages 11-18, February.
• Petr Parshakov, 2015, "Estimation of skill of Russian mutual fund managers," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 37, issue 1, pages 57-66.
• Myagmarsuren Boldbaatar & Choong Lyol Lee, 2015, "Financial Accessibility and Economic Growth," East Asian Economic Review, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, volume 19, issue 2, pages 143-166, DOI: 10.11644/KIEP.JEAI.2015.19.2.294.
• Thorvald Grung Moe, 2015, "Shadow banking: policy challenges for central banks," Journal of Financial Perspectives, EY Global FS Institute, volume 3, issue 2, pages 31-42.
• Ángel León & Manuel Moreno, 2015, "Lower Partial Moments under Gram Charlier Distribution: Performance Measures and Efficient Frontiers," QM&ET Working Papers, University of Alicante, D. Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory, number 15-3, Mar.
• IONESCU Luminiţa & BUHUR Sami, 2015, "The Fiscal And Financial Control Reform In Romania And Turkey: A Comparative Study," Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, volume 6, issue 2, pages 27-34.
• Sinisa Bogdan & Suzana Baresa & Zoran Ivanovic, 2015, "ESTIMATING RISK ON THE CAPITAL MARKET WITH VaR METHOD," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, volume 6, issue 1, pages 165-175.
• Ralf Peter Wüstermann, 2015, "A risk-adequate valuation of Brazilian companies using the example of Arezzo Indústria e Comércio S.A," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economic Research, Allensbach Hochschule, issue 2, pages 30-39.
• Mine AKSOY & Veysel ULUSOY, 2015, "Analysis Of Relative Return Behaviour Of Borsa Istanbul Reit And Borsa Istanbul 100 Index," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, volume 0, issue 1, pages 107-128, March.
• Gheorghe HURDUZEU & Radu Cristian MUSETESCU & Georgeta Madalina MEGHISAN, 2015, "Financial Market Reaction To Changes In The Volatilities Of Cds Returns," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, volume 0, issue 3, pages 152-165, September.
• Ana-Maria CALOMFIR (METESCU), 2015, "A Different Statistic for the Management of Portfolios - the Hurst Exponent: Persistent, Antipersistent or Random Time Series?," Economia. Seria Management, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, volume 18, issue 2, pages 285-292, December.
• Dana Sisea & Emilia Stoica & Sandra Teodorescu, 2015, "Evolution of the Main Banking Sector Risks in Romania in the Last Decade," Romanian Statistical Review, Romanian Statistical Review, volume 63, issue 1, pages 23-46, March.
• Meriem Rjiba & Michail Tsagris & Hedi Mhalla, 2015, "Bootstrap for Value at Risk Prediction," International Journal of Empirical Finance, Research Academy of Social Sciences, volume 4, issue 6, pages 362-371.
• Gideon Boako & Paul Alagidede, 2015, "Global commodities and African stocks: insights for hedging and diversification strategies," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 569, Dec.
• Zhanglong Wang & Kent Wang & Zheyao Pan, 2015, "Conditional equity risk premia and realized variance jump risk," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, volume 40, issue 2, pages 295-317, May, DOI: 10.1177/0312896214526602.
• Vipul Kumar Singh, 2015, "Conjoint Analysis of Option and Volatility Models," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, volume 14, issue 3, pages 258-289, December, DOI: 10.1177/0972652714567997.
• Казакова К.А. & Князев А.Г. & Лепёхин О.А., 2015, "Оптимальный размер банковского резерва: прогноз просроченной кредитной задолженности с использованием копулярных моделей. Optimum volume of bank reserve: forecasting of overdue credit indebtedness using copula models," Мир экономики и управления // Вестник НГУ. Cерия: Cоциально-экономические науки, Socionet;Новосибирский государственный университет, volume 15, issue 4, pages 59-76.
• Amaia Jone BETZUEN à LVAREZ & Amancio BETZUEN ZALBIDEGOITIA, 2015, "La modelización de los cambios en la longevidad de la población del País Vasco y su estimación futura," Revista Galega de Economía, University of Santiago de Compostela. Faculty of Economics and Business., volume 24, issue 2, pages 45-54.
• Simona Adascalitei, 2015, "The importance of High Frequency Data on the Financial Markets," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, number 2503637, Jun.
• Hernández Ángeles, Ignacio F. & Francisco-López Herrera & Luis Fernando Hoyos Reyes, 2015, "Análisis del efecto apalancamiento en los rendimientos del IPC mediante una Cadena de Markov Monte Carlo antes, durante y después de la crisis subprime./ Analysis of the leverage effect on the IPC returns by means of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo before," Estocástica: finanzas y riesgo, Departamento de Administración de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, volume 5, issue 1, pages 43-64, enero-jun.
• Olivares Aguayo, Héctor Alonso & Ortiz Ramírez, Ambrosio & Bucio Pacheco, Christian, 2015, "Escenarios Monte Carlo para estrategias con expectativas de baja volatilidad cambiante mediante opciones europeas de compra y venta / Monte Carlo scenarios for strategies with expectations of changing low volatility using European call and put option," Estocástica: finanzas y riesgo, Departamento de Administración de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, volume 5, issue 1, pages 65-94, enero-jun.
• Krzysztof Drachal, 2015, "Review Of Garch Model Applicability In View Of Some Recent Research," Journal of Academic Research in Economics, Spiru Haret University, Faculty of Accounting and Financial Management Constanta, volume 7, issue 2 (July), pages 191-200.
• Abderrazak Dhaoui & Mohammed Aydi & Raja Ouled Ahmed Ben Ali, 2015, "Revisiting Empirical Linkages Between Direction Of Canadian Stock Price Index Movement And Oil Supply And Demand Stocks: Artificial Neural Networks And Support Vector Machines Approaches," Journal of Academic Research in Economics, Spiru Haret University, Faculty of Accounting and Financial Management Constanta, volume 7, issue 3 (Decemb, pages 319-344.
• Eduardo Astorino & Fernando Chague, Bruno Cara Giovannetti, Marcos Eugênio da Silva, 2015, "Variance Premium and Implied Volatility in a Low-Liquidity Option Market," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP), number 2015_08, May.
• Alexandros M. Goulielmos, 2015, "The Multi-faceted Character of Risk in Maritime Freight Markets (Panamax) 1996-2012," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, volume 65, issue 1-2, pages 67-86, January-M.
• Shiyi Chen & Kiho Jeong & Wolfgang Härdle, 2015, "Recurrent support vector regression for a non-linear ARMA model with applications to forecasting financial returns," Computational Statistics, Springer, volume 30, issue 3, pages 821-843, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00180-014-0543-9.
• Lilia Karnizova & Hashmat Khan, 2015, "The stock market and the consumer confidence channel: evidence from Canada," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 49, issue 2, pages 551-573, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-014-0873-z.
• Naresh Bansal & Jack Strauss & Alireza Nasseh, 2015, "Can we consistently forecast a firm’s earnings? Using combination forecast methods to predict the EPS of Dow firms," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, volume 39, issue 1, pages 1-22, January, DOI: 10.1007/s12197-012-9234-y.
• Yuri Biondi & Pierpaolo Giannoccolo, 2015, "Share price formation, market exuberance and financial stability under alternative accounting regimes," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, volume 10, issue 2, pages 333-362, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11403-014-0131-7.
• Jairo Fúquene & Marta Álvarez & Luis Raúl Pericchi, 2015, "A robust Bayesian dynamic linear model for Latin-American economic time series: “the Mexico and Puerto Rico cases”," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), volume 24, issue 1, pages 1-17, December, DOI: 10.1007/s40503-015-0020-z.
• Andrew Blake & Garreth Rule & Ole Rummel, 2015, "Inflation targeting and term premia estimates for Latin America," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), volume 24, issue 1, pages 1-21, December, DOI: 10.1007/s40503-015-0017-7.
• James A. Ohlson & Seil Kim, 2015, "Linear valuation without OLS: the Theil-Sen estimation approach," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, volume 20, issue 1, pages 395-435, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11142-014-9300-0.
• Michael S. Drake & James N. Myers & Linda A. Myers & Michael D. Stuart, 2015, "Short sellers and the informativeness of stock prices with respect to future earnings," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, volume 20, issue 2, pages 747-774, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11142-014-9313-8.
• Nico Katzke & Chris Garbers, 2015, "Do Long Memory and Asymmetries Matter When Assessing Downside Return Risk?," Working Papers, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics, number 06/2015.
• Keshab Bhattarai, 2015, "Financial deepening and economic growth," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 47, issue 11, pages 1133-1150, March, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2014.993130.
• Leonardo Becchetti & Rocco Ciciretti & Ambrogio Dalò & Stefano Herzel, 2015, "Socially responsible and conventional investment funds: performance comparison and the global financial crisis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 47, issue 25, pages 2541-2562, May, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2014.1000517.
• Charles Engel & Nelson C. Mark & Kenneth D. West, 2015, "Factor Model Forecasts of Exchange Rates," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 34, issue 1-2, pages 32-55, February, DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2014.944467.
• Evangelos C. Charalambakis, 2015, "On the Prediction of Corporate Financial Distress in the Light of the Financial Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Greek Listed Firms," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 22, issue 3, pages 407-428, November, DOI: 10.1080/13571516.2015.1020131.
• Tae-Hwy Lee & Yundong Tu & Aman Ullah, 2015, "Forecasting Equity Premium: Global Historical Average Versus Local Historical Average and Constraints," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 33, issue 3, pages 393-402, July, DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2014.955174.
• Manabu Asai & Michael McAleer, 2015, "The Impact of Jumps and Leverage in Forecasting Co-Volatility," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-018/III, Feb.
• Shiqing Ling & Michael McAleer & Howell Tong, 2015, "Frontiers in Time Series and Financial Econometrics: An Overview," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-026/III, Feb.
• Bert de Bruijn & Philip Hans Franses, 2015, "How Informative are the Unpredictable Components of Earnings Forecasts?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-032/III, Mar.
• Chia-Lin Chang & Juan-Ángel Jiménez-Martín & Esfandiar Maasoumi & Michael McAleer & Teodosio Pérez-Amaral, 2015, "A Stochastic Dominance Approach to the Basel III Dilemma: Expected Shortfall or VaR?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-056/III, May.
• Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2015, "Exploiting Spillovers to forecast Crashes," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-118/III, Oct.
• Chia-Lin Chang & Juan-Ángel Jiménez-Martín & Esfandiar Maasoumi & Michel McAleer & Teodosio Pérez-Amaral, 2015, "Choosing Expected Shortfall over VaR in Basel III Using Stochastic Dominance," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-133/III, Dec.
• Erik Kole & Thijs Markwat & Anne Opschoor & Dick van Dijk, 2015, "Forecasting Value-at-Risk under Temporal and Portfolio Aggregation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 15-140/III, Jan, revised 19 Apr 2017.
• Manabu Asai & Michael McAleer, 2015, "The Impact of Jumps and Leverage in Forecasting Co-Volatility," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico, number 2015-02, Feb.
• Chia-Lin Chang & Juan-Ángel Jiménez-Martín & Esfandiar Maasoumi & Michael McAleer & Teodosio Pérez-Amaral, 2015, "A Stochastic Dominance Approach to the Basel III Dilemma: Expected Shortfall or VaR?," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico, number 2015-16, Nov.
• Aslanidis, Nektarios & Christiansen, Charlotte & Savva, Christos S., 2015, "Risk-Return Trade-Off for European Stock Markets," Working Papers, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics, number 2072/246967.
• Buncic, Daniel & Gisler, Katja I. M., 2015, "Global Equity Market Volatility Spillovers: A Broader Role for the United States," Economics Working Paper Series, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, number 1508, Mar.
• Buncic, Daniel & Tischhauser, Martin, 2015, "Macroeconomic Factors and Equity Premium Predictability," Economics Working Paper Series, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, number 1522, Oct.
• Liya Chu & Xue-Zhong He & Kai Li & Jun Tu, 2015, "Market Sentiment and Paradigm Shifts," Research Paper Series, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney, number 356, Mar.
• Federico Maglione, 2015, "Multifractality in Finance: A deep understanding and review of Mandelbrot's MMAR," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2015:05.
• Daniel Felix Ahelegbey, 2015, "The Econometrics of Networks: A Review," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2015:13.
• Michele Costola & Massimiliano Caporin, 2015, "Rational learning for risk-averse investors by conditioning on behavioral choices," Working Papers, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", number 2015:16.
• CĂLIN, Adrian Cantemir, 2015, "Connection Of European Economic Growth With The Dynamics Of Volatility Of Stock Market Returns," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", volume 19, issue 1, pages 53-66.
• POPOVICI, Oana Cristina, 2015, "A Volatility Analysis Of The Euro Currency And The Bond Market," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", volume 19, issue 1, pages 67-79.
• Dittmann Iwona, 2015, "Scenario Analysis In The Calculation Of Investment Efficiency–The Problem Of Formulating Assumptions," Real Estate Management and Valuation, Sciendo, volume 23, issue 3, pages 54-64, September, DOI: 10.1515/remav-2015-0025.
• Tomasz Skoczylas, 2015, "Bivariate GARCH models for single asset returns," Working Papers, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, number 2015-03.
• Peter Reinhard Hansen & Allan Timmermann, 2015, "Equivalence Between Out‐of‐Sample Forecast Comparisons and Wald Statistics," Econometrica, Econometric Society, volume 83, issue , pages 2485-2505, November.
• Nikolaus Hautsch & Lada M. Kyj & Peter Malec, 2015, "Do High‐Frequency Data Improve High‐Dimensional Portfolio Allocations?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 30, issue 2, pages 263-290, March.
• Wolfgang K. Härdle & Nikolaus Hautsch & Andrija Mihoci, 2015, "Local Adaptive Multiplicative Error Models for High‐Frequency Forecasts," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 30, issue 4, pages 529-550, June.
• Thomas Q. Pedersen, 2015, "Predictable Return Distributions," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 34, issue 2, pages 114-132, March.
• Philipp Hartmann, 2015, "Real Estate Markets and Macroprudential Policy in Europe," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, volume 47, issue S1, pages 69-80, March, DOI: 10.1111/jmcb.12192.
• Dominik Vuletić, 2015, "Next Global Crisis: Greatest Recession in the History of Capitalism is at the Doorstep," EFZG Working Papers Series, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, number 1509, Oct.
• Mario Situm, 2015, "The Relevance of Trend Variables for the Prediction of Corporate Crises and Insolvencies," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, volume 18, issue 1, pages 17-49, May.
• Fink, Kilian & Krüger, Ulrich & Meller, Barbara & Wong, Lui-Hsian, 2015, "The credit quality channel: Modeling contagion in the interbank market," Discussion Papers, Deutsche Bundesbank, number 38/2015.
• Hoffmann, Steffen, 2015, "Die steueroptimale Anlegerstrategie bei Wertpapieren und die zugehörige Grenzpreisbestimmung," Manuskripte aus den Instituten für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der Universität Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, number 660.
• Hoffmann, Steffen, 2015, "Renditesteigerung durch Steuerstundungseffekte bei Kuponanleihen und Nullkuponanleihen," Manuskripte aus den Instituten für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der Universität Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, number 661.
• Korn, Olaf & Kuntz, Laura-Chloé, 2015, "Low-beta investment strategies," CFR Working Papers, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR), number 15-17.
• Pierdzioch, Christian & Reitz, Stefan & Ruelke, Jan-Christoph, 2015, "Heteroeneous forecasters and nonlinear expectation formation in US stock market," FinMaP-Working Papers, Collaborative EU Project FinMaP - Financial Distortions and Macroeconomic Performance: Expectations, Constraints and Interaction of Agents, number 29.
• Kraicova, Lucie & Barunik, Jozef, 2015, "Estimation of long memory in volatility using wavelets," FinMaP-Working Papers, Collaborative EU Project FinMaP - Financial Distortions and Macroeconomic Performance: Expectations, Constraints and Interaction of Agents, number 33.
• Zikes, Filip & Barunik, Jozef & Shenai, Nikhil, 2015, "Modeling and forecasting persistent financial durations," FinMaP-Working Papers, Collaborative EU Project FinMaP - Financial Distortions and Macroeconomic Performance: Expectations, Constraints and Interaction of Agents, number 36.
• Deaves, Richard & Lei, Jin & Schroeder, Michael, 2015, "Forecaster overconfidence and market survey performance," FinMaP-Working Papers, Collaborative EU Project FinMaP - Financial Distortions and Macroeconomic Performance: Expectations, Constraints and Interaction of Agents, number 40.