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How natural resource consumption, trade, energy transition, and geopolitical risk drive sustainable development in G20 nations?

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  • Jialin Li

Abstract

The members of the G20 have seen remarkable fiscal growth in recent years, along with a rise in the demand of consumers for energy. The G20 countries, however, use a significant amount of energy products derived from fossil fuels, which could be harmful to the sustainable development goals. This paper assesses the complex relationships between commerce, the energy transition, the use of natural resources, banking development, monetary development, geopolitical issues, and ecological deterioration. For our statistical analysis, this study employed extensive fiscal models and empirical datasets covering the years 1990–2020. The statistical findings using the Moments Quantile Regression method show that breakthroughs in finance and energy transition guarantee sustainable development. The geopolitical risk, economic expansion, and use of natural resources all contribute to the decline of ecological conditions. But trading's overall effect on the health of the world was not consistent. Our thorough empirical study makes it possible for governments to recommend effective laws to solve environmental issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Jialin Li, 2026. "How natural resource consumption, trade, energy transition, and geopolitical risk drive sustainable development in G20 nations?," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 50(1), pages 659-684, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:natres:v:50:y:2026:i:1:p:659-684
    DOI: 10.1111/1477-8947.12588
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