IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i2p677-d720494.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Agricultural Employment and Export Diversification Index on Environmental Pollution: Building the Agenda towards Sustainability

Author

Listed:
  • Guirong Jiang

    (College of Economics, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
    College of Economics and Management, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China)

  • Rafael Alvarado

    (Carrera de Economía and Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Muntasir Murshed

    (School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh)

  • Brayan Tillaguango

    (Esai Business School, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondon 091650, Ecuador)

  • Elisa Toledo

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Priscila Méndez

    (Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador)

  • Cem Isik

    (Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26210, Turkey)

Abstract

Agricultural activities have a significant impact on environmental quality, because they generate waste that pollutes water and soil. In parallel, the supply of products has diversified in recent years to meet growing demand, exerting strong pressure on nature’s capacity for regeneration and absorption of waste. This research aims to examine the impact of agricultural employment and the export diversification index on ecological footprints, using advanced techniques of panel data econometrics. This relationship is moderated by population density and real per capita product. Cross-section dependence and slope homogeneity were included in the econometric models. The cointegration and causality analysis was reinforced by estimating the short- and long-term elasticities, using the AMG, CCE-MG, FMOLS, and DOLS models. Using annual data for 96 countries, we found a heterogeneous impact of agricultural employment and the export diversification index on ecological footprint, between the short and long term. The findings reveal that the increase of the product increases the pressure on the ecological footprint. The achievement of SDGs must include joint efforts between countries, and not in isolation. Those responsible for environmental policy should promote the idea that production must be friendly to the environment and promote the green growth of countries. The adoption of new technology, higher productivity agricultural employment, and the regulation of exports of sustainable products can contribute to achieving environmental sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Guirong Jiang & Rafael Alvarado & Muntasir Murshed & Brayan Tillaguango & Elisa Toledo & Priscila Méndez & Cem Isik, 2022. "Effect of Agricultural Employment and Export Diversification Index on Environmental Pollution: Building the Agenda towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:677-:d:720494
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/677/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/677/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jinhua Shao & Brayan Tillaguango & Rafael Alvarado & Santiago Ochoa-Moreno & Johanna Alvarado-Espejo, 2021. "Environmental Impact of the Shadow Economy, Globalisation, Trade and Market Size: Evidence Using Linear and Non-Linear Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bashir, Muhammad Farhan & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Malik, Muhammad Nasir & Ma, Beiling & Wang, Jianming, 2023. "Energy transition, natural resource consumption and environmental degradation: The role of geopolitical risk in sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    2. Dai, Siwei & Du, Xiaoyan, 2023. "Discovering the role of trade diversification, natural resources, and environmental policy stringency on ecological sustainability in the BRICST region," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    3. Erti Jiaduo & Md. Golam Kibria & Nazhat Nury Aspy & Ehsan Ullah & Md. Emran Hossain, 2023. "The Impact of Agricultural Employment and Technological Innovation on the Environment: Evidence from BRICS Nations Considering a Novel Environmental Sustainability Indicator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Sayed Saghaian & Hosein Mohammadi & Morteza Mohammadi, 2022. "The Effects of Agricultural Product Exports on Environmental Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-11, October.
    5. Ti-An Chen, 2022. "Business Performance Evaluation for Tourism Factory: Using DEA Approach and Delphi Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.
    6. Meng, Yue & Wu, Haoyue & Wang, Yunchen & Duan, Yinying, 2022. "International trade diversification, green innovation, and consumption-based carbon emissions: The role of renewable energy for sustainable development in BRICST countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1243-1253.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alvarado, Rafael & Tillaguango, Brayan & Murshed, Muntasir & Ochoa-Moreno, Santiago & Rehman, Abdul & Işık, Cem & Alvarado-Espejo, Johana, 2022. "Impact of the informal economy on the ecological footprint: The role of urban concentration and globalization," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 750-767.
    2. Zhao, Xinlu & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Kong, Xianli & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2022. "Relating energy innovations and natural resources as determinants of environmental sustainability: The role of globalization in G7 countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:677-:d:720494. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.