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Do political risk and globalization undermine environmental quality? Empirical evidence from Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries

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  • Junaid Ashraf

Abstract

The notion of globalization and modernization encourages bilateral cooperation and strategic connections between states. In 2013, China launched the Belt and Road Initiative under the “Going global strategy.” The present study's primary goal is to investigate the relationship between political risk, globalization, and ecological footprints for 75 Belt and Road Initiative countries from 1984 to 2019. It also investigates the moderating effect of the Belt and Road Initiative on ecological footprint. Moreover, the outcomes from the Generalized Method of Moments revealed that globalization increases environmental deterioration while a better political environment enhances environmental quality by minimizing their ecological footprint.

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  • Junaid Ashraf, 2022. "Do political risk and globalization undermine environmental quality? Empirical evidence from Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3647-3664, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:mgtdec:v:43:y:2022:i:8:p:3647-3664
    DOI: 10.1002/mde.3620
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