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Global sourcing under uncertainty

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  • Antoine Gervais

Abstract

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of international trade in homogenous intermediate inputs. In the model, trade between countries is driven exclusively by uncertainty in the delivery of inputs. Because their managers are risk‐averse, final good firms contract with multiple suppliers located in different countries in an attempt to decrease the variability of their profits. The analysis shows that risk diversification provides an incentive for international trade over and above such reasons as comparative advantages (emphasized in classical models of international trade) and economies of scale (emphasized in new trade models) and highlights a new channel—a reduction in uncertainty—through which trade liberalization increases welfare. Cet article développe un modèle d’équilibre général du commerce international des intrants intermédiaires homogènes. Dans le modèle, le commerce entre les pays est exclusivement motivé par l'incertitude dans la livraison des intrants. Parce que leurs dirigeants sont réticents au risque, les entreprises de biens de consommation concluent des contrats avec plusieurs fournisseurs situés dans différents pays pour tenter de réduire la variabilité de leurs profits. L'analyse montre que la diversification des risques incite au commerce international au‐delà des raisons telles que les avantages comparatifs (soulignés dans les modèles classiques de commerce international) et les économies d’échelle (soulignées dans les nouveaux modèles de commerce), et met en évidence un nouveau canal, une réduction de l'incertitude, grâce auquel la libéralisation des échanges commerciaux augmente le bien‐être.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoine Gervais, 2021. "Global sourcing under uncertainty," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1103-1135, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:1103-1135
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12516
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    2. Tran Manh Ha & Doan Ngoc Thang, 2023. "Economic sanction and global sourcing complexity: A cross‐country analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(4), pages 1017-1050, April.

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