IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/manint/v62y2022i5d10.1007_s11575-022-00482-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Meta-analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Consumer Foreign Country Image Perceptions: The Moderating Role of Macro-level Country Differences

Author

Listed:
  • Leonidas C. Leonidou

    (University of Cyprus)

  • Bilge Aykol

    (Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Business Kaynaklar Campus Buca)

  • Saeed Samiee

    (University of Tulsa)

  • Nikolaos Korfiatis

    (University of East Anglia Norwich Business School)

Abstract

We propose a conceptual model of the key antecedents and outcomes of consumer perceptions of the two components of foreign country image (CI), namely, general country image (GCI) and product country image (PCI), which we meta-analytically tested with input derived from 253 studies included in 176 empirical articles published in the last five decades. Our meta-analysis revealed that both GCI and PCI were positively influenced by foreign brand-, product-, and country-familiarity. Both GCI and PCI were negatively driven by consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, while patriotism generated a negative effect on PCI, but not on GCI. Consumer demographics rarely exhibited a significant association with each of these two image dimensions, with the exception of education that positively affected PCI and income that positively impacted GCI. GCI exhibited a positive effect on PCI perceptions, while both of them had a strong positive impact on evaluation, attitude, and purchase intention associated with foreign products. With a few exceptions, the previous construct associations were moderated by differences between reference and focal countries with regard to their level of economic development, degree of innovativeness, level of industrial performance, and degree of political risk. Finally, study-related time period, focal fieldwork country, and product involvement type exhibited strong control effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonidas C. Leonidou & Bilge Aykol & Saeed Samiee & Nikolaos Korfiatis, 2022. "A Meta-analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Consumer Foreign Country Image Perceptions: The Moderating Role of Macro-level Country Differences," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(5), pages 741-784, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:manint:v:62:y:2022:i:5:d:10.1007_s11575-022-00482-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00482-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11575-022-00482-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11575-022-00482-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin S Roth & Jean B Romeo, 1992. "Matching Product Category and Country Image Perceptions: A Framework for Managing Country-of-Origin Effects," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(3), pages 477-497, September.
    2. Lu, Irene R.R. & Kwan, Ernest & Heslop, Louise A. & Thomas, D. Roland & Cedzynski, Marzena, 2019. "The ivory tower and the street: How researchers defined country image over four decades and what consumers think it means," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 80-97.
    3. Saeed Samiee & Terence A Shimp & Subhash Sharma, 2005. "Brand origin recognition accuracy: its antecedents and consumers’ cognitive limitations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 36(4), pages 379-397, July.
    4. Brijs, Kris & Bloemer, Josée & Kasper, Hans, 2011. "Country-image discourse model: Unraveling meaning, structure, and function of country images," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(12), pages 1259-1269.
    5. Tang, Ryan W. & Buckley, Peter J., 2020. "Host country risk and foreign ownership strategy: Meta-analysis and theory on the moderating role of home country institutions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    6. Piyush Sharma, 2011. "Country of origin effects in developed and emerging markets: Exploring the contrasting roles of materialism and value consciousness," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 42(2), pages 285-306, February.
    7. Wang, Cheng Lu & Li, Dongjin & Barnes, Bradley R. & Ahn, Jongseok, 2012. "Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 1041-1051.
    8. Edeh, Jude Ndubuisi & Obodoechi, Divine Ndubuisi & Ramos-Hidalgo, Encarnación, 2020. "Effects of innovation strategies on export performance: New empirical evidence from developing market firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Carneiro, Jorge & Faria, Flávio, 2016. "Quest for purposefully designed conceptualization of the country-of-origin image construct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 4411-4420.
    10. George Balabanis & Adamantios Diamantopoulos & Rene Dentiste Mueller & T C Melewar, 2001. "The Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 32(1), pages 157-175, March.
    11. Faber, Jan & Hesen, Anneloes Barbara, 2004. "Innovation capabilities of European nations: Cross-national analyses of patents and sales of product innovations," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 193-207, March.
    12. Roth, Katharina P. & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, 2009. "Advancing the country image construct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(7), pages 726-740, July.
    13. Hong, Sung-Tai & Wyer, Robert S, Jr, 1989. "Effects of Country-of-Origin and Product-Attribute Information on Product Evaluation: An Information Processing Perspective," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 175-187, September.
    14. Shushu Li & Yong Ma, 2014. "Urbanization, Economic Development and Environmental Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-19, August.
    15. Tomohiro Ara, 2020. "Country size, technology, and Ricardian comparative advantage," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 497-536, May.
    16. Kevin Honglin Zhang, 2010. "How Does Globalization Affect Industrial Competitiveness?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 28(4), pages 502-510, October.
    17. Smith, Joanne R. & Liu, Shuang & Liesch, Peter & Callois, Cindy & Yi, Ren & Daly, Stephanie, 2010. "The role of behavioral, normative, and control beliefs in the consumption of Australian products and services by Chinese consumers," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 206-213.
    18. Halkias, Georgios & Davvetas, Vasileios & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, 2016. "The interplay between country stereotypes and perceived brand globalness/localness as drivers of brand preference," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 3621-3628.
    19. Felix Tintelnot, 2017. "Global Production with Export Platforms," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 132(1), pages 157-209.
    20. Alba, Joseph W & Hutchinson, J Wesley, 1987. "Dimensions of Consumer Expertise," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(4), pages 411-454, March.
    21. Samiee, Saeed, 2010. "Advancing the country image construct -- A commentary essay," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(4), pages 442-445, April.
    22. Zhang, Jianhong & He, Xinming & Zhou, Chaohong & van Gorp, Désirée, 2019. "Antecedents of corporate image: The case of Chinese multinational enterprises in the Netherlands," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 389-401.
    23. De Nisco, Alessandro & Mainolfi, Giada & Marino, Vittoria & Napolitano, Maria Rosaria, 2016. "Effect of economic animosity on consumer ethnocentrism and product-country images. A binational study on the perception of Germany during the Euro crisis," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 59-68.
    24. Furman, Jeffrey L. & Porter, Michael E. & Stern, Scott, 2002. "The determinants of national innovative capacity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 899-933, August.
    25. de Ruyter, Ko & van Birgelen, Marcel & Wetzels, Martin, 1998. "Consumer ethnocentrism in international services marketing," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 185-202, April.
    26. Brodowsky, Glen H. & Tan, Justin & Meilich, Ofer, 2004. "Managing country-of-origin choices: competitive advantages and opportunities," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 729-748, December.
    27. Chaney, Isabella & Gamble, Jos, 2008. "Retail store ownership influences on Chinese consumers," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 170-183, April.
    28. Victor V Cordell, 1992. "Effects of Consumer Preferences for Foreign Sourced Products," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(2), pages 251-269, June.
    29. repec:bla:revinw:v:60:y:2014:i::p:s353-s379 is not listed on IDEAS
    30. Verlegh, Peeter W. J. & Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E. M., 1999. "A review and meta-analysis of country-of-origin research," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 521-546, October.
    31. Robert A Peterson & Alain J P Jolibert, 1995. "A Meta-Analysis of Country-of-Origin Effects," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(4), pages 883-900, December.
    32. Kiryan T.M. & Shapoval M.S., 2014. "Social and economic development of Ukraine since independence," Вісник економічної науки України Вестник экономической науки Украины, CyberLeninka;Институт экономики промышленности НАН Украины, issue 1 (25), pages 41-45.
    33. Warren J Bilkey & Erik Nes, 1982. "Country-of-Origin Effects on Product Evaluations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 13(1), pages 89-100, March.
    34. Heslop, Louise A. & Papadopoulos, Nicolas & Dowdles, Melissa & Wall, Marjorie & Compeau, Deborah, 2004. "Who controls the purse strings: A study of consumers' and retail buyers' reactions in an America's FTA environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(10), pages 1177-1188, October.
    35. Saeed Samiee, 1994. "Customer Evaluation of Products in a Global Market," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 25(3), pages 579-604, September.
    36. Zheng, Yafei & Shao, Yanmin & Wang, Shouyang, 2017. "The determinants of Chinese nonferrous metals imports and exports," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 238-246.
    37. Gupta, Eshita, 2008. "Oil vulnerability index of oil-importing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1195-1211, March.
    38. Laroche, Michel & Kim, Chankon & Zhou, Lianxi, 1996. "Brand familiarity and confidence as determinants of purchase intention: An empirical test in a multiple brand context," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 115-120, October.
    39. Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro & Ciravegna, Luciano & Melgarejo, Mauricio & Lopez, Luis, 2018. "Home country uncertainty and the internationalization-performance relationship: Building an uncertainty management capability," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 209-221.
    40. K. Roth & A. Diamantopoulos, 2009. "Advancing the country image construct," Post-Print hal-00787417, HAL.
    41. Dhruv Grewal & Nancy Puccinelli & Kent B. Monroe, 2018. "Meta-analysis: integrating accumulated knowledge," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 9-30, January.
    42. Manjushree Mishra & Ajeya Jha, 2014. "Prioritizing Sectors for Economic Development in Sikkim, India," International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), IGI Global, vol. 5(2), pages 59-73, April.
    43. Ravi Pappu & Pascale G Quester & Ray W Cooksey, 2007. "Country image and consumer-based brand equity: relationships and implications for international marketing," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(5), pages 726-745, September.
    44. Halkos, George & Moll de Alba, Jaime & Todorov, Valentin, 2021. "Analyzing manufacturing sector and selected development challenges: A panel data analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    45. Granzin, Kent L. & Olsen, Janeen E., 1998. "Americans' Choice of Domestic over Foreign Products: A Matter of Helping Behavior?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 39-54, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jin, Zhongqi & Lynch, Richard & Attia, Samaa & Chansarkar, Bal & Gülsoy, Tanses & Lapoule, Paul & Liu, Xueyuan & Newburry, William & Nooraini, Mohamad Sheriff & Parente, Ronaldo & Purani, Keyoor & Ung, 2015. "The relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism and product country image among younger generation consumers: The moderating role of country development status," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 380-393.
    2. Wang, Cheng Lu & Li, Dongjin & Barnes, Bradley R. & Ahn, Jongseok, 2012. "Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 1041-1051.
    3. Baldauf, Artur & Cravens, Karen S. & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Zeugner-Roth, Katharina Petra, 2009. "The Impact of Product-Country Image and Marketing Efforts on Retailer-Perceived Brand Equity: An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 85(4), pages 437-452.
    4. Saeed Samiee & Brian R. Chabowski, 2021. "Knowledge structure in product- and brand origin–related research," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(5), pages 947-968, September.
    5. Zeugner-Roth, Katharina P. & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, 2010. "Advancing the country image construct: Reply to Samiee's (2009) commentary," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(4), pages 446-449, April.
    6. Bartikowski, Boris & Fastoso, Fernando & Gierl, Heribert, 2019. "Luxury cars Made-in-China: Consequences for brand positioning," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 288-297.
    7. Costa, Camila & Carneiro, Jorge & Goldszmidt, Rafael, 2016. "A contingent approach to country-of-origin effects on foreign products evaluation: Interaction of facets of country image with product classes," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 1066-1075.
    8. Suter, Mariana Bassi & Borini, Felipe Mendes & Floriani, Dinorá Eliete & da Silva, Dirceu & Polo, Edison, 2018. "Country-of-origin image (COI) as a country-specific advantage (CSA): Scale development and validation of COI as a resource within the firm perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 46-58.
    9. Zeugner-Roth, Katharina Petra & Bartsch, Fabian, 2020. "COO in print advertising: Developed versus developing market comparisons," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 364-378.
    10. Eng, Teck-Yong & Ozdemir, Sena & Michelson, Grant, 2016. "Brand origin and country of production congruity: Evidence from the UK and China," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(12), pages 5703-5711.
    11. Mandler, Timo & Won, Sungbin & Kim, Kyungae, 2017. "Consumers' cognitive and affective responses to brand origin misclassifications: Does confidence in brand origin identification matter?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 197-209.
    12. Zhang, Jianhong & Zhou, Chaohong & van Gorp, Désirée M. & van Witteloostuijn, Arjen, 2020. "Willingness to work for multinational enterprises from emerging countries: The case of Chinese multinational enterprises in the Netherlands," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(5).
    13. Brijs, Kris & Bloemer, Josée & Kasper, Hans, 2011. "Country-image discourse model: Unraveling meaning, structure, and function of country images," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(12), pages 1259-1269.
    14. Mariana Bassi Suter & Janaina Moura Engracia Giraldi & Felipe Mendes Borini & Maria Laura Ferranty MacLennan & Edson Crescitelli & Edison Fernandes Polo, 2018. "In search of tools for the use of country image (CI) in the brand," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(2), pages 119-132, March.
    15. Simon Fauser & David Agola, 2021. "The influence of regional Italian images on consumer behaviour: a study of consumers in Germany," Italian Journal of Marketing, Springer, vol. 2021(1), pages 129-158, June.
    16. María del Mar Serrano-Arcos & Raquel Sánchez-Fernández & Juan Carlos Pérez-Mesa, 2021. "Analysis of Product-Country Image from Consumer’s Perspective: The Impact of Subjective Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Media Influence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-25, February.
    17. Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, Maja & Moschik, Nicole, 2020. "Are consumers' minds or hearts guiding country of origin effects? Conditioning roles of need for cognition and need for affect," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 487-495.
    18. Godey, Bruno & Pederzoli, Daniele & Aiello, Gaetano & Donvito, Raffaele & Chan, Priscilla & Oh, Hyunjoo & Singh, Rahul & Skorobogatykh, Irina I. & Tsuchiya, Junji & Weitz, Bart, 2012. "Brand and country-of-origin effect on consumers' decision to purchase luxury products," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 65(10), pages 1461-1470.
    19. Suter, Mariana Bassi & Munjal, Surender & Borini, Felipe Mendes & Floriani, Dinora, 2021. "Conceptualizing country-of-origin image as a country-specific advantage: An insider perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 415-427.
    20. Carneiro, Jorge & Faria, Flávio, 2016. "Quest for purposefully designed conceptualization of the country-of-origin image construct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 4411-4420.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:manint:v:62:y:2022:i:5:d:10.1007_s11575-022-00482-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.