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Les normes fondamentales du travail contribuent-elles à réduire les inégalités ?

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  • Rémi Bazillier
  • Nicolas Sirven

Abstract

[eng] Do Core Labour Standards Reduce Inequality? This study empirically investigates the impact of core labour standards on income inequality for a range of 90 countries from 1990 to 2001. We focus on the four core labour standards (prohibition of child labour, freedom of association and collective bargaining, prohibition of discrimination, and prohibition of forced labour) defined by ILO and OECD. The number of ILO conventions ratified is added to the four previous variables with the aim to compute a synthetic index of labour standards by means of a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). This index is then inserted as an independent variable in an econometric model to test for its relationships with the Gini index. No significant correlation is found among the different econometric specifications. One of the reasons pointed out is that there is a difference between norms de jure and de facto. In other words, the exogenei- ty of the index does not distinguish countries that implement effective social norms from those that just ratify the treaties. We actually assume that the effective implementation of core labour standards depends on the quality of the country's political and legal systems. The endogeneity bias in the first step models is corrected using instrumental variables in a TSLS model. We found that the relationship between the new endogenous index of core labour standards and income inequality follows a inversed 'U' shaped curve. This result let us think of a social Kuznets curve. [fre] Rémi Bazillier Nicolas Sirven Les normes fondamentales du travail contribuent-elles à réduire les inégalités? Cet article propose une investigation empirique des liens qu'entretiennent normes sociales et inégalité de revenus. Dans un premier temps, un indice de normes sociales du travail (travail des enfants, travail forcé, discrimination, liberté syndicale, conventions OIT) est déterminé. Aucun lien n'est trouvé a priori avec l'inégalité. Ceci s'explique par la différence entre la ratification des traités internationaux sur les normes sociales et la mise en place effective de ces normes par les pays signataires. C'est pourquoi, dans un second temps les normes sociales sont endogénéisées au moyen de variables instrumentales. Un nouvel indicateur de normes effectives est obtenu comme un output de l'efficacité du système politique et juridique. Il est en effet plus probable que les pays qui jouissent de meilleures institutions sont plus aptes à mettre en place effectivement des normes sociales. L'endogénéisation des normes sociales permet de mettre en évidence l'existence d'une courbe de Kuznets entre les normes et les inégalités de

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  • Rémi Bazillier & Nicolas Sirven, 2006. "Les normes fondamentales du travail contribuent-elles à réduire les inégalités ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(2), pages 111-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2006_num_21_2_1629
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2006.1629
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2006.1629
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    1. J. M. Cardebat & Alexandru Dumitrescu, 2013. "Social responsibility of countries and their international trade: A gravitational approach," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(2), pages 234-252, March.
    2. Jean-Marie Cardebat & Alexandru Dimitrescu, 2011. "Social Responsibility of the countries and their international trade : A gravitational approach," Larefi Working Papers 201102, Larefi, Université Bordeaux 4.

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    JEL classification:

    • J80 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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