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Entrepreneurial finance and the survival of equity-funded firms in crisis periods: the case of COVID-19

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  • Marek Kacer

    (The University of Leeds
    University of Economics in Bratislava)

  • Nicholas Wilson

    (The University of Leeds)

  • Sana Zouari

    (The University of Leeds)

  • Marc Cowling

    (Oxford Brookes University)

Abstract

This study investigates the resilience of 13,786 UK entrepreneurial firms that received equity financing before COVID-19, with 653 becoming insolvent and 6254 securing guaranteed loans during the pandemic. Utilising the resource-based view (RBV) and signalling theories, we hypothesise that equity-backed firms have sufficient resources to withstand crises, varying by investor type and involvement. We compare the bankruptcy risk of these firms during COVID-19 to the pre-COVID period, considering investor type, deal history and financial and non-financial factors. Results show similar insolvency rates during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID, but firms backed by active investors are less likely to become insolvent during crises. We examine the characteristics of loan recipients, financing combinations and insolvency risk, finding that companies using COVID loans were generally more prone to insolvency, except those backed by active investor types. Our findings offer insights into the role of equity financing across various investor types in venture survival during crises, with policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Marek Kacer & Nicholas Wilson & Sana Zouari & Marc Cowling, 2025. "Entrepreneurial finance and the survival of equity-funded firms in crisis periods: the case of COVID-19," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 837-870, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:sbusec:v:65:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s11187-025-01009-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11187-025-01009-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexander Peter Groh & Christina Guenther & Denis Schweizer & Silvio Vismara, 2025. "Entrepreneurial finance in an extended period of crises," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 763-776, August.

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    JEL classification:

    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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