IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eurman/v35y2017i4p440-453.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management

Author

Listed:
  • Ali, Muhammad
  • Konrad, Alison M.

Abstract

Strategic human resource management theory suggests that diversity and equality management (DEM) systems provide a firm with a competitive advantage, leading to superior performance. This study proposes and tests a moderated mediation model focusing on antecedents (i.e. top management team gender diversity) and consequences (i.e. performance) of DEM systems in the context of lower through middle management (LTMM) gender diversity. The model was tested in 248 medium-to large-sized organizations using time-lagged survey and archival data. The findings provide full support for the hypothesis that a gender-diverse top management team is positively associated with DEM systems. The results provide partial support for the following hypotheses: DEM systems are positively associated with performance and this relationship is moderated by LTMM gender diversity; and DEM systems mediate the relationship between TMT gender diversity and performance. We discuss theoretical, research and practical implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Muhammad & Konrad, Alison M., 2017. "Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 440-453.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eurman:v:35:y:2017:i:4:p:440-453
    DOI: 10.1016/j.emj.2017.02.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263237317300233
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.emj.2017.02.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Orlando C. Richard & B. P. S Murthi & Kiran Ismail, 2007. "The impact of racial diversity on intermediate and long‐term performance: The moderating role of environmental context," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(12), pages 1213-1233, December.
    2. Nina Smith & Valdemar Smith & Mette Verner, 2005. "Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance? A Panel Study of 2500 Danish Firms," CIE Discussion Papers 2005-03, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Centre for Industrial Economics.
    3. Ernest Gyapong & Reza M. Monem & Fang Hu, 2016. "Do Women and Ethnic Minority Directors Influence Firm Value? Evidence from Post-Apartheid South Africa," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3-4), pages 370-413, March.
    4. Dwyer, Sean & Richard, Orlando C. & Chadwick, Ken, 2003. "Gender diversity in management and firm performance: the influence of growth orientation and organizational culture," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 56(12), pages 1009-1019, December.
    5. Harry J. Holzer & David Neumark, 2000. "What Does Affirmative Action Do?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 53(2), pages 240-271, January.
    6. Alison M. Konrad & Robert Mangel, 2000. "The impact of work‐life programs on firm productivity," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(12), pages 1225-1237, December.
    7. Patrick F. McKay & Derek R. Avery & Hui Liao & Mark A. Morris, 2011. "Does Diversity Climate Lead to Customer Satisfaction? It Depends on the Service Climate and Business Unit Demography," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 788-803, June.
    8. Weber, Manuela, 2008. "The business case for corporate social responsibility: A company-level measurement approach for CSR," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 247-261, August.
    9. Syed, Jawad & Kramar, Robin, 2009. "Socially responsible diversity management," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(5), pages 639-651, November.
    10. Claude Francoeur & Réal Labelle & Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné, 2008. "Gender Diversity in Corporate Governance and Top Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 81(1), pages 83-95, August.
    11. Krishnan, Hema A. & Park, Daewoo, 2005. "A few good women--on top management teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(12), pages 1712-1720, December.
    12. Adams, Renée B. & Ferreira, Daniel, 2009. "Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 291-309, November.
    13. Karen A. Bantel & Susan E. Jackson, 1989. "Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(S1), pages 107-124, June.
    14. Cristian L. Dezsö & David Gaddis Ross, 2012. "Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(9), pages 1072-1089, September.
    15. Stephen Bear & Noushi Rahman & Corinne Post, 2010. "The Impact of Board Diversity and Gender Composition on Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Reputation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 97(2), pages 207-221, December.
    16. Joanne D. Leck & Sylvie St. Onge & Isabelle Lalancette, 1995. "Wage Gap Changes among Organizations Subject to the Employment Equity Act," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 21(4), pages 387-400, December.
    17. Jaap Paauwe, 2009. "HRM and Performance: Achievements, Methodological Issues and Prospects," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(1), pages 129-142, January.
    18. van Knippenberg, Daan & van Ginkel, Wendy P. & Homan, Astrid C., 2013. "Diversity mindsets and the performance of diverse teams," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 121(2), pages 183-193.
    19. Joanne D. Leck & David M. Saunders, 1992. "Hiring Women: The Effects of Canada's Employment Equity Act," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 18(2), pages 203-220, June.
    20. Li-Qun Wei & Longzeng Wu, 2013. "What a Diverse Top Management Team Means: Testing an Integrated Model," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 389-412, May.
    21. Taj, Saud A., 2016. "Application of signaling theory in management research: Addressing major gaps in theory," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 338-348.
    22. Donia, Magda B.L. & Tetrault Sirsly, Carol-Ann, 2016. "Determinants and consequences of employee attributions of corporate social responsibility as substantive or symbolic," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 232-242.
    23. Nina Smith & Valdemar Smith & Mette Verner, 2006. "Do women in top management affect firm performance?A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 55(7), pages 569-593, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bignya Patnaik & Mahendra Kumar Shukla, 2021. "Diversity and Equality Management System and Perceived Organisational Performance: A Mediating Role of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 9(2), pages 215-234, May.
    2. Schoen, Constantin & Rost, Katja, 2021. "What really works?! Evaluating the effectiveness of practices to increase the managerial diversity of women and minorities," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 95-108.
    3. Marzena Baker & Muhammad Ali & Erica French, 2019. "Effectiveness of gender equality initiatives in project-based organizations in Australia," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 44(3), pages 425-442, August.
    4. David M. Gligor & Millorad Novicevic & Javad Feizabadi & Andrew Stapleton, 2021. "Examining investor reactions to appointments of Black top management executives and CEOs," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(10), pages 1939-1959, October.
    5. Weili Huang, 2021. "Threshold effect of gender composition in the top management team on firm innovation: New evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(3), pages 551-563, April.
    6. René P. Orij & Saif Rehman & Hashim Khan & Faisal Khan, 2021. "Is CSR the new competitive environment for CEOs? The association between CEO turnover, corporate social responsibility and board gender diversity: Asian evidence," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 731-747, March.
    7. Elena Meliá-Martí & Guillermina Tormo-Carbó & Juan Francisco Juliá-Igual, 2020. "Does Gender Diversity Affect Performance in Agri-Food Cooperatives? A Moderated Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-27, August.
    8. Sandrine Frémeaux, 2020. "A Common Good Perspective on Diversity," Post-Print hal-03232779, HAL.
    9. Fernando Castelló-Sirvent & Marta Peris-Ortiz & Malar Llopis-Amorós & Pablo Pinazo-Dallenbach, 2024. "How does the COVID-19 economic crisis impact resilience? A configurational analysis of the spinoffs," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 1823-1848, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Safdar Sial & Chunmei Zheng & Jacob Cherian & M.A. Gulzar & Phung Anh Thu & Tehmina Khan & Nguyen Vinh Khuong, 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Mediate the Relation between Boardroom Gender Diversity and Firm Performance of Chinese Listed Companies?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Simona Galletta & Sebastiano Mazzù & Valeria Naciti & Carlo Vermiglio, 2022. "Gender diversity and sustainability performance in the banking industry," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(1), pages 161-174, January.
    3. Lee, Jangwook & Chung, Jiyoon, 2022. "Women in top management teams and their impact on innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    4. Pham, Thuy-Dzung T. & Lo, Fang-Yi, 2023. "How does top management team diversity influence firm performance? A causal complexity analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PB).
    5. Pilar Giraldez-Puig & Emma Berenguer, 2018. "Family Female Executives and Firm Financial Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Darmadi, Salim, 2010. "Board diversity and firm performance: the Indonesian evidence," MPRA Paper 38721, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Michael Adusei & Samuel Yaw Akomea & Kwasi Poku, 2017. "Board and management gender diversity and financial performance of microfinance institutions," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1360030-136, January.
    8. Michael Olbrich & Anna E. Nikolis & David J. Rapp & Katrin V. Weber, 2016. "Do Political Parties Play Dirty in the Discussion on Gender Balanced Boards? Evidence from Germany," Schmalenbach Business Review, Springer;Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft, vol. 17(3), pages 361-399, December.
    9. Tleubayev, Alisher & Bobojonov, Ihtiyor & Gagalyuk, Taras & Glauben, Thomas, 2020. "Board gender diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the Russian agri-food industry," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 23(1), pages 35-53.
    10. Nguyen, Thi Hong Hanh & Ntim, Collins G. & Malagila, John K., 2020. "Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    11. Helena Isidro & Márcia Sobral, 2015. "The Effects of Women on Corporate Boards on Firm Value, Financial Performance, and Ethical and Social Compliance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(1), pages 1-19, November.
    12. Sanjukta Brahma & Chioma Nwafor & Agyenim Boateng, 2021. "Board gender diversity and firm performance: The UK evidence," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5704-5719, October.
    13. Mehdi Nekhili & Héla Chakroun & Tawhid Chtioui, 2018. "Women’s Leadership and Firm Performance: Family Versus Nonfamily Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 153(2), pages 291-316, December.
    14. Low, Daniel C.M. & Roberts, Helen & Whiting, Rosalind H., 2015. "Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(PA), pages 381-401.
    15. Reinert, Regina M. & Weigert, Florian & Winnefeld, Christoph H., 2015. "Does Female Management Influence Firm Performance? Evidence from Luxembourg Banks," Working Papers on Finance 1501, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    16. Alireza Vafaei & Kamran Ahmed & Paul Mather, 2015. "Board Diversity and Financial Performance in the Top 500 Australian Firms," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 25(4), pages 413-427, December.
    17. Laura Cabeza-García & Esther B. Brío & Carlos Rueda, 2021. "The moderating effect of innovation on the gender and performance relationship in the outset of the gender revolution," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 755-778, April.
    18. Darmadi, Salim, 2010. "Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance? Evidence from Indonesia," MPRA Paper 38743, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Kristina Reineke & Holger Steinmetz & Rodrigo Isidor & Rüdiger Kabst, 2020. "Women on Top Management Teams and Firm Performance in German Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Recruiting Source," Working Papers Dissertations 60, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    20. Neeti Khetarpal Sanan, 2016. "Board Gender Diversity, Financial and Social Performance of Indian Firms," Vision, , vol. 20(4), pages 361-367, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eurman:v:35:y:2017:i:4:p:440-453. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/115/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.