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Can social support compensate for missing family support? An examination of dropout rates in Italy

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  • Iacopo Odoardi
  • Donatella Furia
  • Piera Cascioli

Abstract

School dropout limits the development of human capital, and despite the achievement of a third level degree being a common practice in western economies, the dropout at the secondary level is still a relatively widespread phenomenon in Italy. The household support to young people is relevant in influencing young people's educational opportunities, but nevertheless, this support sometimes is lacking in a country that has historically attributed little importance to advanced education. In Italy, the scarcity of school‐related support mechanisms is one of the causes of a dropout rate of more than 15% after the first year of upper secondary school in some regions. We suggest that another support may be necessary in society, and it could be integrated with family support. We test whether three different forms of social capital can counteract the dropout of young Italians considering regional data and using fixed and random effects models and a two‐stage least squares approach for Centre–North and South Italy. The results suggest that social capital does not function as a mechanism to counteract dropout in Italy, while the family's cultural‐economic background plays an important role, mainly in the Centre–North. La deserción escolar limita el desarrollo del capital humano y, a pesar de que la obtención de un tercer grado educativo es una práctica común en las economías occidentales, la deserción en la enseñanza secundaria sigue siendo todavía un fenómeno relativamente generalizado en Italia. El apoyo de los hogares a los jóvenes es un factor que ejerce influencia sobre las oportunidades de educación de los jóvenes, pero no obstante ese apoyo a veces falta en un país que históricamente ha atribuido poca importancia a la educación superior. En Italia, la escasez de mecanismos de apoyo vinculados a las escuelas es una de las causas de una tasa de deserción escolar superior al 15% después del primer año de la enseñanza secundaria superior en algunas regiones. Se sugiere que puede ser necesario otro tipo de apoyo en la sociedad, que podría integrarse con el apoyo familiar. Se comprobó si tres formas diferentes de capital social pueden contrarrestar la deserción escolar de los jóvenes italianos, para lo cual se utilizaron datos regionales con modelos de efectos fijos y aleatorios y con un enfoque de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas para el centro–norte y el sur de Italia. Los resultados sugieren que el capital social no actúa como un mecanismo para contrarrestar la deserción escolar en Italia, mientras que el contexto cultural y económico de la familia juega un papel importante, principalmente en el centro–norte. 学校の中退は人的資本の発達を制限するものであり、西欧の経済界では一般的に第3期教育を修了していることが常識となっているが、イタリアでは今尚第2期での中退がかなり多く見られる現象である。若者ための家計支援は、若者の教育機会に重要であるが、歴史的に高等教育をほとんど重要視してこなかった国では、こうした支援が行われていない場合がある。イタリアでは、学校関連の支援機構の不足が、一部の地域では高等学校の最初の年以降の中退率が15%以上になっていることの原因の一つである。社会ではさらに他の支援が必要である可能性を示すが、その支援は家計支援と統合できると考えられる。中央‐北部および南部イタリアを対象に、地域データを考慮し、固定およびランダム効果モデルおよび二段階最小二乗法を用い、3つの異なる形態の社会資本が、イタリアの若者の中退を抑制できるか否かを検証した。結果から、イタリアでは社会資本は中退を抑制するメカニズムとして機能していないが、主に中央‐北部では、家族の文化経済的背景が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された。

Suggested Citation

  • Iacopo Odoardi & Donatella Furia & Piera Cascioli, 2021. "Can social support compensate for missing family support? An examination of dropout rates in Italy," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(1), pages 121-139, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:121-139
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12358
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    2. Iacopo Odoardi & Dario D’Ingiullo & Ada Di Nucci & Davide Quaglione, 2024. "Exploring the Influence of Crime on NEET Rates: A Regional Analysis of Italy," Merits, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-14, April.

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