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An Evaluation of the Paycheck Protection Program Using Administrative Payroll Microdata

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Peter Ganong & Fiona Greig & Max Liebeskind & Pascal Noel & Daniel Sullivan & Joseph Vavra, 2021. "Spending and Job Search Impacts of Expanded Unemployment Benefits: Evidence from Administrative Micro Data," Working Papers 2021-19, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics.
  2. Kurmann, André & Lalé, Etienne & Ta, Lien, 2025. "Measuring small business dynamics and employment with private-sector real-time data," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
  3. Konstantins Benkovskis & Olegs Tkacevs & Karlis Vilerts, 2024. "Understanding How Job Retention Schemes Reshape the Within-Occupation Skill Profile of Employees within Firms," Working Papers 2024/02, Latvijas Banka.
  4. Caroline Fyfe & David C. Maré & Phoebe Taptiklis, 2023. "COVID-19 Wage Subsidy: Outcome evaluation - Value for Money," Motu Working Papers 23_04, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
  5. Luca Casolaro & Francesco Suppressa, 2023. "Credit during the pandemics: the case of Tuscany," Discussion Papers 2023/296, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
  6. Marsh, W. Blake & Sharma, Padma, 2024. "Loan guarantees in a crisis: An antidote to a credit crunch?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  7. Staples, Aaron J. & Deming, Kristopher & Malone, Trey & Carpenter, Craig W. & Weiler, Stephan, 2024. "Pouring the Paycheck Protection Program into craft beer: PPP employment effects in service-intensive industries," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
  8. Timothy Köhler & Haroon Bhorat & Robert Hill, 2023. "The effect of wage subsidies on job retention in a developing country: Evidence from South Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2023-114, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  9. Kim, Kevin & Sant’Anna, Ana Claudia & Demko, Iryna, 2024. "Minority-Owned Agricultural Businesses and Challenges with the Paycheck Protection Program: Seeking Ways to Reach Farmers," Applied Economics Teaching Resources (AETR), Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 6(4), December.
  10. Vladimir Kotomin & Wyatt Frere & Ruby Morr, 2025. "Forgive me not? Racial and institutional disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program loan forgiveness," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1433-1461, March.
  11. Smart, Michael & Kronberg, Matthew & Lesica, Josip & Liu, Huju, 2025. "The employment effects of a pandemic wage subsidy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
  12. Linchi Hsu & Alexander Henke, 2024. "Unemployment insurance generosity and intimate partner violence," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1461-1481, December.
  13. Ana Claudia Sant'Anna & Kevin N. Kim & Iryna Demko, 2024. "Limits to capital: Assessing the role of race on the Paycheck Protection Program for African American farmers in America," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 46(1), pages 217-233, March.
  14. Aaron J. Staples & Thomas P. Krumel, 2023. "The Paycheck Protection Program and small business performance: Evidence from craft breweries," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 931-956, October.
  15. Hernandez, Carlos Ospino & Rigolini, Jamele & Coll-Black, Sarah & Oviedo, Ana Maria, 2023. "Protecting Who? Optimal Social Protection Responses to Shocks with Limited Information," IZA Policy Papers 205, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  16. Landini, Austin, Kristopher Deming, and Stephan Weiler, 2024. "Can Bank Density Provide Insights on the Appropriation of Disaster Relief Funds? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 54(1), pages 1-26.
  17. Chernenko, Sergey & Scharfstein, David, 2024. "Racial disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  18. Abe C. Dunn & Eric English & Kyle K. Hood & Lowell Mason & Brian Quistorff, 2024. "Expanding the Frontier of Economic Statistics Using Big Data: A Case Study of Regional Employment," BEA Papers 0128, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
  19. Cahuc, Pierre, 2024. "The micro and macro economics of short-time work," Handbook of Labor Economics,, Elsevier.
  20. Arora, Parush & Tran, Derek, 2025. "Central bank intervention and bank liquidity: Evidence from the paycheck protection program," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  21. Ryan A. Decker & Robert J. Kurtzman & Byron F. Lutz & Christopher J. Nekarda, 2021. "Across the Universe: Policy Support for Employment and Revenue in the Pandemic Recession," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 111, pages 267-271, May.
  22. Théo Nicolas & Stefano Ungaro & Éric Vansteenberghe, 2023. "Public-Guaranteed Loans, Bank Risk-Taking and Regulatory Capital Windfall [Prêts garantis par l'État, prise de risque bancaire et effet d'aubaine sur le capital réglementaire]," Débats Economiques et financiers 41, Banque de France.
  23. Sariyer, Gorkem & Kahraman, Serpil & Sözen, Mert Erkan & Ataman, Mustafa Gokalp, 2023. "Fiscal responses to COVID-19 outbreak for healthy economies: Modelling with big data analytics," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 191-198.
  24. Bakhtiari, Sasan & Magnani, Elisabetta, 2025. "Firms’ liquidity and employment decisions: Evidence from Australia," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  25. Tito Boeri & Pierre Cahuc, 2023. "Labor Market Insurance Policies in the Twenty-First Century," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, September.
  26. Sriya Anbil & Mark A. Carlson & Mary-Frances Styczynski, 2021. "The Effect of the PPPLF on PPP Lending by Commercial Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-030, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  27. Ling Wang, 2025. "Bank financing for SMEs in times of crisis: when “whatever-it-takes” confronts “black swans”," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 777-812, August.
  28. Cui, Jing, 2025. "Older individuals’ labour force participation during COVID-19," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
  29. Cahuc, Pierre, 2024. "The Micro and Macro Economics of Short-Time Work," CEPR Discussion Papers 19429, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  30. Glenn Hubbard & Michael R. Strain, 2020. "Has the Paycheck Protection Program Succeeded?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(3 (Fall)), pages 335-390.
  31. Higashi, Yudai & Sasaki, Masaru, 2023. "Did COVID-19 Deteriorate Mismatch in the Japanese Labor Market?," IZA Discussion Papers 15917, IZA Network @ LISER.
  32. Anbil, Sriya & Carlson, Mark & Styczynski, Mary-Frances, 2023. "The effect of the Federal Reserve’s lending facility on PPP lending by commercial banks," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
  33. Clemens, Jeffrey & Hoxie, Philip G. & Veuger, Stan, 2025. "Was pandemic fiscal relief effective fiscal stimulus? Evidence from aid to state and local governments," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  34. Deniz Igan & Thomas Lambert & Prachi Mishra & Eden Quxian Zhang, 2025. "The Politics of the Paycheck Protection Program," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 1083-1122.
  35. Gabriela Lelo de Larrea & Mehmet Altin & Emrah Koçak & Fevzi Okumus, 2024. "Paycheck Protection Program and lending discrimination in the US hospitality industry," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(7), pages 1780-1799, November.
  36. Martins, Ana & Pereira dos Santos, João & Pozzobon, Fernando, 2025. "Sailing Through Troubled Waters: Evidence from Support Discontinuities to Firms in Times of Crisis," IZA Discussion Papers 18136, IZA Network @ LISER.
  37. Ana Martins & João Pereira dos Santos & Fernando Pozzobon, 2025. "Sailing through Troubled Waters: Evidence from the APOIAR Program," GEE Papers 190, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised May 2025.
  38. Altavilla, Carlo & Ellul, Andrew & Pagano, Marco & Polo, Andrea & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2025. "Loan guarantees, bank lending and credit risk reallocation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  39. Steiner, Eva & Tchistyi, Alexei, 2024. "Distortionary effects of PPP loans on business competition," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  40. Doniger, Cynthia L. & Kay, Benjamin, 2023. "Long-lived employment effects of delays in emergency financing for small businesses," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 78-91.
  41. Kirti, Divya & Soledad Martinez Peria, Maria & Mishra, Prachi & Strasky, Jan, 2025. "What Policy Combinations Worked?: The Effect of Policy Packages on Bank Lending during COVID-19," Journal of Financial Crises, Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS), vol. 7(3), pages 50-83, April.
  42. Ospino Hernandez,Carlos Gustavo & Rigolini,Iamele P. & Coll-Black,Sarah & Oviedo Silva,Ana Maria, 2023. "Protecting Who ? Optimal Social Protection Responses to Shocks with Limited Information," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10461, The World Bank.
  43. Bertoni, Fabio & Colombo, Massimo G. & Quas, Anita, 2023. "The long-term effects of loan guarantees on SME performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  44. Daniel G. Neely & Gregory D. Saxton & Paul A. Wong, 2023. "Nonprofit Organizations’ Financial Obligations and the Paycheck Protection Program," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(7), pages 4353-4361, July.
  45. Quinn Keefer, 2026. "The spending consequences of COVID-19 stimulus payments: the case of baseball cards," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 70(3), pages 1-43, March.
  46. Contreras, Salvador & Ghosh, Amit & Hasan, Iftekhar, 2023. "The effect of bank failures on small business loans and income inequality," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  47. Huixin Bi & Chaitri Gulati, 2021. "Fiscal Relief during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 106(no.2), pages 5-24, July.
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